全尺寸预制舱式储能柜热失控早期征兆分析

Early warning analysis of the thermal runaway process of fullsize prefabricated cabin storage tank

面向电化学储能应用中出现热失控、火灾、燃爆等一系列消防安全问题,通过开展预制舱式储能柜热失控实体实验研究,分析预制舱式储能系统在热失控早期出现的征兆信息,探索提升电化学储能系统的消防技术方法。首先,本文分析了预制舱式储能系统在热滥用的触发条件下,其电压、温度、氧浓度和CO浓度等关键参数的变化规律,系统讨论了储能系统热失控过程及其早期征兆表现规律。研究结果表明,在热滥用条件下,电芯表面温度迅速升高,系统发生热失控时,其最高温度可达1000℃以上;电压值征兆变化明显早于温度变化,其征兆的早期特征尤为显著,认为电压信号可作为储能系统热失控预警的征兆信号;电箱内温度变化情况显示,电箱下方发生热失控时,液冷系统的隔板有效延迟电箱内部温度变化,保护电池系统安全;获取CO浓度在电箱和电柜内的变化情况,可为气体探测器的设置应用提供基础数据,通过氧浓度估算热释放速率峰值较大,但总热量较低,因而开展初期预警征兆,用以防控储能系统火灾是可行的。针对电化学储能系统热失控的复杂特点,发展多信息融合的检测、预警技术,具有非常重要的意义和应用价值。

Various issues associated with the application of electrochemical energy storage include thermal runaway,fire,and explosion.Therefore,the safety application of electrochemical energy storage has attracted significant attention,and experimental studies on the thermal runaway of prefabricated cabin energy-storage cabinets are being conducted.This study analyzes the tendency of the voltage,temperature,oxygen concentration,carbon monoxide concentration,and other parameters for the electrochemical energy storage system under the heat abuse trigger,and some useful conclusions have been drawn.Further,the thermal runaway process and its early warning have been discussed systematically.The experimental results show that the cell temperature increases rapidly,reaching a maximum temperature up to 1000℃,and the change in voltage values and its early characteristics occur earlier than that of temperature under the heat abuse,indicating that the cell voltage is an obvious signal for the thermal runaway warning process.The temperature changes in the electric battery module show that the liquid cooling system's partition effectively delays the temperature change within the electric module box,ensuring the battery system's safety while thermal control occurs below the electric module box.Based on the analysis of the generating gas of the thermal runaway process,changes in CO concentration in the electric battery module and cabinet can provide basic data for the setting and application of a gas alarm detector.The anticipated peak value of the heat release rate based on oxygen concentration is high,while total heat is low,allowing for early detection and control of the energy storage system fire.Multi-information fusion detection and early warning technology should be developed for the complex characteristics of the electrochemical energy storage system thermal runaway process,which is meaningful and valuable.