深部磷矿山安全开采地压监测与时空演化特征分析

Monitoring and Spatial-Temporal Evolution Characteristics of Ground Pressure for Safety Mining in Deep Phosphate Mines

地压灾害是深部磷矿山安全和绿色开采面临的关键挑战。依托湖北杉树垭地下磷矿山,建立了深部磷矿山开采地压应力-微震原位综合监测系统,开展了磷矿山地压监测及分析技术研究,并结合数值模拟计算,研究了地下磷矿山深部开采过程中地压的响应特性。结果表明:矿区监测区域开采过程中围岩的最大主应力增加约4~10 MPa,围岩扰动应力随着开采时间呈增大趋势,但围岩扰动应力调整幅度逐渐降低;微震活动略显活跃且随时间呈现波动变化,并以小能量微震事件为主,顶板破坏与微震活动两者具有较好的空间一致性,说明地下磷矿山深部开采地压微震监测可行;三维围岩扰动应力全过程数值模拟结果大于原位测试数据,综合测试结果表明目前矿区地压扰动尚处于安全范围内。该研究成果对湖北杉树垭磷矿安全高效开采以及我国深部资源的安全开发具有重要意义。

Ground pressure disaster is the key challenge for the safety and green mining of deep phosphate mines.Based on the engineering background of underground phosphate mines of Shanshuya,Hubei province,this paper establishes a comprehensive in-situ observation system of stress and microseismic monitoring for ground pressure in deep mining of phosphate mines,and combined with numerical simulation calculation,studies the ground pressure response characteristic in deep mining of underground phosphate mines.The results are as follows:the maximum principal stress of surrounding rock increases about 4-10 MPa during the mining process in the monitoring area,and the stress continues to increase with time,while the adjustment range of stress gradually decreases;the microseismicity in the monitoring area is slightly active and fluctuated with time,and the energies of microseismic events are mainly of low level.The roof damage and microseismicity have a good consistency in space,indicating that the microseismic monitoring of ground pressure in deep mining of underground phosphate mines is feasible;the numerical simulation results of three-dimensional disturbance stress of surrounding rock are larger than those of test data,indicating that the present ground pressure disturbance of the mining area is still in the safe range.The research results are of certain significance to the sustainable,efficient,and safe mining of Shanshuya phosphate mine in Hubei Province and the safe development of deep resources in China.