乡村振兴绩效的地权解释——基于土地发展权配置视角

Explanation of Land Rights on the Performance Differences of Rural Revitalization from the Perspective of Land Development Rights Allocation Modes

厘清土地发展权配置对乡村振兴绩效的影响,对于探寻乡村振兴战略实施的突破口和关键抓手具有重要意义。本文在界定土地发展权内涵与配置模式的基础上,从农户视角构建了乡村振兴绩效评价指标体系,运用理论与实证相结合的方法研究了土地发展权配置对乡村振兴绩效的影响及不同模式影响的差异性。研究表明:(1)在农民自愿和产权保护的前提下,土地发展权配置能够有效地提升乡村振兴绩效,有土地发展权配置比无土地发展权配置的乡村振兴绩效更优。(2)不同土地发展权配置模式对乡村振兴五方面子绩效的影响存在差异,进而导致了对乡村振兴整体绩效影响的差异。一般而言,相较于土地发展权的转移型配置模式,保留型配置模式与拓展型配置模式更有利于产业融合发展;相较于土地发展权的拓展型配置模式,保留型配置模式更有利于村集体统筹配置土地要素推进产业融合发展,在“产业兴旺”方面的绩效表现更优,但在促进“生活富裕”方面的绩效表现不如拓展型配置模式。整体而言,保留型配置模式的影响程度最大。

Clarifying the impact of land development rights allocation on rural revitalization performance is of great significance to explore the breakthrough and key points in promoting rural revitalization strategy. On the basis of defining the connotation and identifying the allocation modes of land development rights, this article constructs an evaluation index system of rural revitalization performance from the perspective of rural households. By using a combination of theoretical and empirical methods, it further explores the impacts of land development rights allocation on rural revitalization performance and the differences of the impacts.The results show that, firstly, on the premise of farmers’ willingness and property rights protection, land development rights allocation can effectively improve rural revitalization performance, and the performance of rural revitalization with land development rights experiment is better than that without the experiment. Secondly, different land development rights allocation modes have different impacts on the five aspects of rural revitalization performance, which further leads to differences in the overall performance. In general, compared with the transfer allocation type, the retention and expansion allocation types are more conducive to the integrated development of rural industries. Compared with the land expansion allocation type, the retention allocation type is more conducive to the overall allocation of land elements by the village collective to promote the integrated development of industries. It has a better performance in the aspect of “industrial prosperity”, but its performance in the aspect of“affluence of life” is not that good. On the whole, the retention allocation type has the greatest impact on rural revitalization performance.