“理想的家就是普通的家”——上海流动儿童地方感的实证分析

"AN IDEAL HOME IS AN ORDINARY HOME":A CASE STUDY OF MIGRANT CHILDREN’S SENSE OF PLACE IN SHANGHAI

流动儿童正在成为一个重要的研究主题和现实话题,但对其地方感学界缺乏关注。本文以上海市主要服务流动儿童的X社区儿童服务中心为例,综合运用感知地图、深度访谈和参与式观察等质性研究方法,探究流动儿童地方感的特征与形成机制。流动儿童地方感存在社区与上海、市区与郊区和对地方的态度三个维度的差异;流动儿童对家的认知包括认同、迷失和流动三种,流动儿童地方感是基于亲人、朋友和其他社会网络所建立的,涉及多地方的,不断发展变化的积极地方感;流动儿童地方感的形成受到社会环境和自然环境的共同影响,受政府权力影响的X中心、家庭和学校,以及智能设备和自然环境是五个直接影响流动儿童地方感的因素,流动儿童的主观能动性也会重塑其地方感。从地理视角研究流动儿童具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。

The number of migrant children in Shanghai accounts for more than half of the total, but the sense of place and other issues of migrant children lack extensive attention of the researchers. Migrant children are faced with the difficulty of going to school and are forced to move continuously. It is difficult for them to establish long-term ties with a place. Therefore, this paper took Shanghai X community children’s service center(The service groups are mainly migrant children) as an example and through the qualitative research methods such as cognitive map, in-depth interview and participatory observation, this paper explores the characteristics and formation mechanism of migrant children’s sense of place, and analyzes migrant children’s perception of home. The results show that: 1) Migrant children’s sense of place is different in three scales: Community and city, urban and suburban, and emotion;2) Migrant children’s cognition of home includes three forms: Identification, loss and mobility. Migrant children’s sense of place does not depend on specific places, but a positive sense of place based on relatives, friends and other social networks, moving among many places, evolving, inclusive and open;3) The formation mechanism of migrant children’s sense of place is jointly affected by the social environment and the natural environment. Government power affects X center, family and school respectively, and these three, together with intelligent devices and the natural environment, directly affect migrant children’s sense of place.