DNA数据存储的科研概况国际对比与分析

Comparison and Analysis on Scientific Research Programs on DNA Data Storage

全球数据量快速增长,成为数字经济发展的核心引擎,但传统数据存储介质受到功耗、体积、成本等限制,难以满足不断增长的数据存储需求。以脱氧核糖核酸(deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)分子作为存储介质的新型存储方式引起了国内外高度重视,世界主要国家均对其研究进行了顶层规划,部署了一系列重要科研计划。但是,DNA数据存储作为一个新兴交叉研究领域,其发展的“源”与“流”仍存在需要深入分析的问题。针对该问题,从信息、半导体与合成生物学交叉融合的角度深入挖掘DNA数据存储发展的源头,对近年来国际上主要国家与地区在DNA数据存储领域的发展规划进行分析归纳,梳理国内外的科研项目规划布局,尤其是美国“半导体合成生物学联盟”推动的基础研究项目、美国国防部高级研究计划局(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency,DARPA)与美国情报高级研究计划局(Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity,IARPA)推动的面向应用的集中攻关项目、欧盟的地平线2020计划以及我国的重点研发计划等。通过比较可发现,美国主要采用政府部门主导、应用目标导向的研究模式,欧盟与我国在“十三五”期间及时跟进;我国在“十四五”期间设立了重点研发计划“生物与信息融合(BT与IT融合)”,致力于推动DNA数据存储等领域的发展,实现DNA数据存储发展带动生化仪器乃至生物经济、数字经济的发展。探索DNA数据存储发展的“源”和“流”,为从事该领域的研究者识别真正制约该领域发展的“真问题”提供参考,也为科技管理部门研判DNA数据存储的国际发展趋势提供参考。

The explosive growth of global data has become an important engine for the development of the digital economy.However,traditional data storage media are limited by power consumption,volume and cost,and cannot meet the ever-increasing demand for data storage.The new storage method using deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)molecule as storage medium has attracted great attention at home and abroad.Major countries in the world have carried out top-level planning for its research and deployed a series of important scientific research plans.However,DNA data storage is a new interdisciplinary research field,and its development“source”and“flow”still need to be deeply analyzed.To solve this problem,this paper explores the development“source”of DNA data storage from the perspective of fusion of information,semiconductor and synthetic biology,and analyzes and summarizes the development plan of DNA data storage in major countries and regions in the world in recent years.We present the layout of scientific research projects at home and abroad,particularly,the basic research program promoted by the Alliance for Semiconductor Synthetic Biology,the application-oriented intensive research program promoted by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA)and Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity(IARPA),the Horizon 2020 Program of the European Union,and the major research and development program of China.By comparison,it can be observed that the United States mainly adopts the government-led,application-oriented research mode,while the European Union and China follow up in time during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period.During the 14 th Five-year Plan period,China has set up the national key research and development program of“Fusion of the Biological Technology and Information Technology(BT and IT Fusion)”,which is committed to promoting the development of DNA data storage and related fields,and realizing the development of DNA data storage to drive the development of biochemical instruments,and even biological economy and digital economy.This paper explores the“source”and“flow”of the development of DNA data storage,and provides a reference for researchers to identify the“real”problems that really limit the development of this field,and also provides a reference for science and technology management departments to identify the international development trend in DNA data storage.