马克思关于“资本的生产力”思想探析——以《资本论》及其经济学手稿为例

On Marx’s Thought of“Productivity of Capital”——Take“Das Kapital”and Its Economic Manuscript as an Eexample

马克思具有关于“资本的生产力”思想绝不是后人的臆想,而是有着充分的文本依据。马克思认为资本不仅具有生产关系的属性,而且还具有生产力的属性,并明确提出了“资本的生产力”概念。对《1857—1858年经济学手稿》以及《资本论》三卷本进行追溯,可以发现,马克思对“资本的生产力”思想进行了诸多的文本表述与阐释。马克思提出“资本的生产力”思想意在强调:资本具有驾驭资本主义社会各种生产力的力量和能力,因而从某种意义上可以说,资本本身也是一种生产力。资本生产力既具有极大的推进资本主义社会发展的积极作用,但也由此带来了对自然生态的破坏、人类社会的停滞以及人的异化等不容忽视的消极影响。

Marx’s thought of“productivity of capital”is not the imagination of later generations,but has sufficient textual basis.Marx believed that capital has not only the attribute of production relations,but also the attribute of productivity,and put forward the concept of“productivity of capital”.Whether in the“1857-1858 Economic Manuscripts”or in the three volumes of“Das Kapital”,Marx made a lot of textual expression and elaboration on the thought of“productivity of capital”.Marx put forward the idea of“productivity of capital”to emphasize that capital has the power and ability to control all kinds of productive forces in capitalist society.Therefore,in a sense,capital itself is a kind of productivity.Capital productivity not only plays a positive role in promoting the development of capitalist society,but also brings negative effects such as destruction of natural ecology,stagnation of human society and alienation of human beings.