“十三五”期间洪泽湖底栖动物多样性调查及趋势分析

A Survey on the Dynamic of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Biodiversity of Hongze Lake during 13th Five-Year Plan Period and Its Tendency Prediction

基于2015—2020年洪泽湖底栖动物监测数据,利用生物多样性指数模型方法对洪泽湖底栖动物的种类组成及多样性进行分析,并对水质污染状况进行评价,结合广义线性模型方法对洪泽湖生态变化趋势进行预测。结果表明,“十三五”期间洪泽湖底栖动物种类数总体呈上升趋势,生物多样性有所改善,底栖动物优势种均为河蚬。Goodnight-whitely修正指数(GBI)、生物学污染指数(BPI)、生物指数(BI)以及生物耐污敏感性指标指数(BMWP)4种污染状况评价指数对洪泽湖水质评价结果表明,“十三五”期间洪泽湖生态系统状况基本平稳,水质污染状况介于清洁至轻污染之间,龙集镇北的水质状况应引起重视。模型预测结果显示,“十四五”末洪泽湖生物多样性无明显变化,水质持续保持稳定。研究结论可为水生生物多样性保护提供科学依据。

According to the biological data of Hongze Lake during 2015—2020, the species composition and diversity of benthos in Hongze Lake are analyzed, and the water quality is evaluated. At the same time, a generalized linear model was constructed to predict the ecological change trend of Hongze Lake. The results show that the number of benthic animal species in Hongze Lake generally shows an upward trend. The diversity of benthic animals in Hongze Lake has improved. River clam is the dominant species. The four ecological environment evaluation indexes, including GBI, BPI, BI and BMWP,also prove that the ecosystem of Hongze Lake is basically stable in recent years and water quality is in the class between clear and light pollution. The prediction model shows that there will be no significant change in biodiversity and the water quality will remain stable in the future. The current conclusion provides scientific basis for protection of benthos biodiversity.