苏北灌河口多介质多环芳烃污染调查及生态风险分析

Pollution Investigation and Ecological Risk Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Multi-media in the Guanhe Estuary of Northern Jiangsu

于2018年1,7和11月对苏北灌河口典型介质中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染现状进行了调查。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对水样、沉积物、植株和生物样品中16种PAHs富集组成特征及生态风险进行分析。结果表明,水相,悬浮颗粒物和沉积物中PAHs平均值均为枯季(1 998 ng/L, 2 987 ng/g, 1 056 ng/g)高于洪季(1 698 ng/L, 630 ng/g, 558 ng/g);不同季节水相、悬浮颗粒物和沉积物中均以2+3环PAHs为主;水相中苯并[a]蒽(BaA)、[艹屈](CHR)、苯并[b+k]荧蒽(B[b+k]FA)质量浓度高于美国环保署(US EPA)推荐的水质量标准,悬浮颗粒物和沉积物中芴(FL)和菲(PHE)对水生生物可能存在不利影响;互花米草和芦苇的落叶效应使得沉积物中PAHs质量分数高于光滩;芦苇根系沉积物和互花米草根系沉积物中PAHs的组成差异较大;成熟期(11月)蟹体内PAHs平均质量分数远高于生长期(7月),蟹体内更易富集低环数(2+3环)PAHs。

The pollution status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in typical media of Guanhe estuary in Northern Jiangsu was investigated in January, July and November 2018. The enrichment, composition characteristics and ecological risks of 16 PAHs in water samples, sediments, plants and biological samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed that the average mass concentration of PAHs in water phase, suspended particulate matter and sediment is higher in dry season(1 998 ng/L, 2 987 ng/g, 1 056 ng/g) than that in flood season(1 698 ng/L, 630 ng/g, 558 ng/g);the water phase, suspended particulate matter and sediments in different seasons were dominated by 2+3 rings PAHs;the mass concentration of BaA, CHR, B[b+k]FA, BaP and IP in water phase were higher than the water quality standards recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA), fluorene(FL) and phenanthrene(PHE) in suspended particulate matter and sediments may have adverse effects on aquatic organisms;the defoliation effect of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis makes the mass concentration of PAHs in sediments higher than that in bare beach;the composition of PAHs in root sediments of Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora is quite different;the average mass concentration of PAHs in male and female crabs was much higher in mature stage(November) than in growth stage(July), and crabs was more likely to enrich low ring number(2+3 rings) PAHs.