博莱霉素对小麦的诱变效应研究

Study on chemical mutagenesis of Bleomycin on wheat

为了研究博来霉素对小麦的诱变效应,进行了连续15 d的不同质量浓度(0 mg/mL、1 mg/mL、5 mg/mL、10 mg/mL、25 mg/mL、50 mg/mL、100 mg/mL)博来霉素溶液中的“济麦22”种子萌发生长试验、诱变零代(M_(0))麦苗的大田移栽与生长情况调查试验及诱变一代(M_(1))种子的大田播种与性状变异类型及变异频率的调查试验.通过不同质量浓度博来霉素溶液中的“济麦22”种子萌发生长试验,发现随着博来霉素质量浓度的提高对“济麦22”种子萌发与生长的抑制作用增强;通过诱变零代(M_(0))麦苗的大田移栽与生长情况调查,发现随着博来霉素质量浓度的提高对M_(0)代麦苗的生理损伤加重,生长异常植株率也提高;通过M_(1)种子的大田播种与性状变异类型及变异频率的调查,发现1 mg/mL~50 mg/mL的博来霉素溶液诱变处理“济麦22”种子,M_(1)代均能产生可遗传的变异,随着博来霉素质量浓度提高性状变异类型丰富,变异频率提高,其中在25 mg/mL的博来霉素溶液中“济麦22”种子的最高发芽率为53.33%,接近半致死剂量.因此,试验可得博来霉素对小麦具有诱变效应,小麦种子在博来霉素溶液中萌发生长的诱变方法切实可行,宜采用的博来霉素质量浓度为25 mg/mL.

In order to develop a new chemical mutagenesis method for wheat and study the mutagenesis effect of bleomycin on wheat.The seed germination and growth test of"Jimai 22"in bleomycin solution with different mass concentrations(0 mg/mL,1 mg/mL,5 mg/mL,10 mg/mL,25 mg/mL,50 mg/mL,100 mg/mL)was carried out for 15 days.Investigation of transplanting and growth of mutagenesis zero generation(M_(0))wheat seedlings in field;Investigation and experiment of field sowing and character variation types and frequency of mutagenesis generation(M_(1))seeds.The seed germination and growth test of“Jimai 22”in bleomycin solution with different mass concentration was carried out.It was found that the inhibition of“Jimai 22”seed germination and growth increased with the increase of bleomycin mass concentration.The investigation of transplanting and growth of mutagenesis zero generation(M_(0))wheat seedlings in field showed that with the increase of bleomycin mass concentration,the physiological damage of M_(0)generation wheat seedlings became more serious,and the rate of abnormal growth also increased.Through field sowing of M_(1)seeds and the investigation of character variation types and variation frequencies,it was found that“Jimai 22”seeds treated with bleomycin solution of 1mg/mL to 50 mg/mL could produce heritable variation in M_(1)generation.With the increase of bleomycin mass concentration,the character variation types were rich and the variation frequency increased.The highest germination rate of“Jimai 22”seeds was 53.33%in 25 mg/mL bleomycin solution,which was close to half lethal dose,and there were rich types of mutations in M_(1)generation with high mutation frequency.The results of this study are as follows:Bleomycin has mutagenic effect on wheat;The mutagenesis method of“wheat seeds germinate and grow in bleomycin solution”is feasible,and the proper mass concentration of bleomycin is 25 mg/mL.