认知与功能经验意义观考辨——经验与意义的因缘

A Study of Experiential Meaning From Cognitive and Functional Perspectives:The Predestined Relationship Between Experience and Meaning

认知和功能视角的语言研究均秉持经验意义观,但是前者偏重从认知心理、后者偏重从社会文化方面对经验意义做出解释。认知视角的经验意义观认为意义来源于人与世界互动的体验,经认知加工识解,形成概念结构,并通过语言表征出来;功能视角的经验意义观则认为经验是人们通过意义建构出来的,经验的多样性和差异性源于对语言资源的不同使用。本文考辨认知与功能两个视角的经验意义观,阐明认知与功能经验意义观之间的相互关联,认知经验意义关涉意义的来源,为语义资源的形成提供了必要条件;语义资源作为功能经验意义的库藏为通过意义建构经验提供了可能;语义资源可能会反过来作用于个体对人与世界互动所产生新经验的识解和概念化,从而产生新的概念结构。

The experiential view of meaning is shared by both cognitive and functional approaches to language studies.However,the former offers mainly a cognitive-psychological explanation of experiential meaning,while the latter furnishes primarily a socio-cultural explanation.The cognitive perspective on experiential meaning holds that meanings derive from the interaction between man and the world,which are construed as conceptual structures via human cognition and realized by linguistic representations.The functional perspective on experiential meaning regards experience as construal through meanings of linguistic choices,and the diversity of experience originates from the variety in the choice of linguistic resources.This study focuses on the two experiential perspectives on meaning,explaining their integrated relations.It is argued that the cognitive perspective on experiential meaning elaborates on the source of meaning,which is the necessity to the formation of semantic resources.The semantic resources which serve as the inventory of experiential meaning in the functional perspective make the construal of experience through meaning possible.The semantic resources might in turn affect the individual’s construal and conceptualization of the new experience between man and the world,thus leading to new conceptual structures.