论西方马克思主义对恩格斯自然辩证法的“质疑”及其不合理性

The“questioning”of Western Marxism to Engels’Dialectics of Nature and Its Irrationality

西方马克思主义对恩格斯自然辩证法是否合理的质疑由来已久。西方马克思主义对恩格斯自然辩证法质疑的理论起点是对第二国际以及列宁主义阐释马克思主义路径的“不满”。他们对《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的所谓“重新发现”,使其进一步自认为恩格斯自然辩证法是“不合理”的。不管是自然辩证法的来源与适应范围,还是自然辩证法与唯物主义能否共存等问题都成为西方马克思主义认为自然辩证法不成立的所谓依据。事实上,西方马克思主义对恩格斯自然辩证法的质疑具有极大的不合理性。究其原因,主要是他们对恩格斯的“自然”概念进行了断章取义的理解;忽略了恩格斯《自然辩证法》文本本身的完整性,忽略了恩格斯作为哲学家与科学家的“双重身份”,更是忽略了恩格斯自然辩证法的创作意图。

For a long time,it has been questioned whether Engels’dialectics of nature is reasonable in Western Marxism.Dissatisfaction with the Second International and Leninism’s interpretation of Marxist path is the theoretical starting point for western Marxism to question Engels’dialectics of nature.What makes them think that Engels’dialectics of nature is“unreasonable”is the so-called“rediscovery”of Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts in 1844 by Western Marxism.Whether it is the origin and adaptation scope of dialectics of nature or whether dialectics of nature and materialism can coexist has become the so-called basis for western Marxism to refute the falsehood of dialectics of nature.In fact,it is extremely unreasonable for western Marxism to question Engels’dialectics of nature.Western Marxist understanding of Engels’concept of“nature”out of context is the main reason.They ignore the integrity of Engels’Dialectics of Nature,the dual identities of Engels as a philosopher and a scientist,and even Engels’intention of writing Dialectics of Nature.