接驳地铁站的共享单车时空均衡性分析与吸引区域优化

Spatial-temporal Equilibrium Analysis and Attraction Area Optimization of Dockless Sharing Bicycles Connected to Subway Stations

共享单车是接驳地铁出行的最有效选择之一,但共享单车的时空分布不均问题对使用者和管理者造成了很大的不便,尤其是早高峰期间出现这种问题更会大大降低2个交通系统的运行效率。因此,研究用于接驳地铁出行的共享单车的时空均衡性特点对提升早高峰期间的通勤效率有一定意义。为了了解接驳地铁骑行的时空均衡性特点,本文以厦门市作为实验区,将厦门市早高峰期间接驳地铁站的骑行作为主要研究对象,基于出行OD提出了新的地铁站吸引区域建立方法,基于出行特点提出了考虑地铁站点的单车聚类方法。本文还从潮汐比统计角度和吸引区域角度对各个地铁站的早高峰整体出行均衡性做了分析,从时空角度对早高峰中不同时段的地铁站接驳骑行的时空均衡性做了分析,通过分析得出了3种角度下各个地铁站点均衡性的相似点与不同点,结果表明:(1)根据潮汐比特点,地铁站对骑行的接驳职能可划分为4类,分别为起始型,均衡型,到达型和不适合接驳地铁出行型,反映了各地铁站点的总体接驳特征;(2)地铁站对接驳骑行的吸引区域与潮汐比特点有所差别,其主要影响因素为地铁站点的地理位置及周边土地利用类型;(3)对于时空均衡性分析结果而言,潮汐比对时空均衡性层面没有显著影响,其最大影响因素为周边土地利用类型。该分析结果能体现出厦门市早高峰期间与各地铁站接驳骑行的共享单车运行的差异性以及与地铁接驳效率的高低,以此来支持共享单车企业的重点区域调度和监管。

Dockless sharing bicycles are one of the most effective options for connecting to the subway.However, the uneven spatial-temporal distribution of sharing bicycles has caused great inconvenience to users and managers, especially during the morning peak period, which will greatly reduce the operating efficiency of a transportation system. Therefore, studying the characteristics of spatial-temporal distribution of dockless sharing bicycles used to connect to the subway has certain significance for improving the commuting efficiency during the morning peak period. In order to understand the spatial-temporal characteristics of feeder metro riding, this paper takes Xiamen city as the experimental area, takes the riding of feeder metro stations during the morning peak as the main research object, proposes a new method to establish the attraction area of metro stations based on travel OD, and proposes a bicycle clustering method considering metro stations based on travel characteristics. This article also analyzes the overall travel balance of each subway station during the morning rush hour from the perspective of mathematical statistics, tide ratio statistics, and the point of attraction area, and analyzes the spatial-temporal balance of cycling around subway stations at different times during the morning rush hour. Through analysis, the similarities and differences of the balance of each subway station under three perspectives are obtained. The results show that:(1) According to the characteristics of the tide ratio, the connection function of the subway station for cycling can be divided into 4 categories: the start type, balanced type, arrival type, and not suitable for connecting to the subway type, reflecting the overall connection characteristics of each subway station;(2) The attraction area of the subway station connecting to the riding is different from the characteristics of the tide ratio, and its main influencing factors are the geographic location of the subway station and the surrounding land use type;(3) For the analysis results of the spatial-temporal balance,the tide ratio has no significant impact on the spatial-temporal balance level, and the major influencing factor is the surrounding land use type. The analysis results can reflect the difference in the operation of sharing bicycles that connect to the surrounding subway stations during the morning rush hours in Xiamen and the efficiency of connecting to the subway, so as to support the scheduling and supervision of key areas of bicycle sharing companies.