共产国际援款如何运抵延安--中共接收80万美钞援助的一个例证分析

How the Financial Aid from the Communist International Sent to Yan’an--A Case Study of the Party’s Reception of the Aid of$800,000 from the Communist International

获得共产国际的经济援助,是中共在相当长的时间内解决财政经济困难的重要途径。中共中央入陕之前的援款,主要是通过专人随身携带和汇款转交的方式接收。落脚陕北后,曾经的接收渠道由于周期较长效率低下,无法应对紧急需求,中共便利用天津、上海等地发达的交通网络和便利的金融枢纽,依靠地下秘密交通多渠道接收援款。为保证援款安全迅捷运抵延安,中共选派秘密工作经验丰富、业务工作熟稔的得力人员接收援款。经过周密部署妥善安排,将一部分援款送抵延安,同时利用各地的贸易联络购买一些紧缺物资运往延安,缓解了延安物资紧缺的境况。不过依赖外援只是中共在特定时空下解决财政危机的一个举措,随着中共在根据地的不断发展壮大,经济建设的不断加强,摆脱依赖、独立自主则是解决经济窘迫的根本途径。

Economic aid from the Communist International played an important role for the CPC to solve its financial and economic difficulties over a long period of time.Before the Party Central Committee moved to Shaanxi,the Party got the aid mostly via specially-assigned persons or remittance.After it settled down in northern Shaanxi,the previous channels proved inadequate to meet the urgent needs due to their long duration and inefficiency.To solve its economic crunch in Yan’an,the Party took advantage of the developed transport network and convenient financial hubs in Tianjin,Shanghai and other cities,and delivered the aid via various underground transportation channels.To ensure the safe and rapid delivery,the CPC selected competent and experienced people to take charge of the task.With meticulous planning and arrangement,part of the money was safely sent to Yan’an,and part was used to buy some badly-needed materials through the trade links in the cities,which helped ease the material shortage in Yan’an.However,foreign aid was only one measure to solve the Party’s financial crisis for a specific time.With its development and expansion in the base areas and steady strengthening of economic construction,the CPC eventually became independent and relied fundamentally on its own to solve the economic distress.