云南省中华菊头蝠体表寄生虫感染状况

Ectoparasites on body surface of Rhinolophus sinicus in Yunnan

目的 了解云南省中华菊头蝠体表寄生虫的感染情况,为开展中华菊头蝠体表寄生虫研究和媒介传播性人兽共患病的防治提供科学依据。方法 2019年8月、2020年8月和11月于云南省6个调查点抓获中华菊头蝠样本,采集并鉴定其体表寄生虫。并分析中华菊头蝠体表寄生虫感染情况。结果 在捕获109只中华菊头蝠中,88只感染体表寄生虫,感染率为80.73%。采集革螨、蝙蝠蝇、恙螨和蜱4大类体表寄生虫共578只,其中革螨482只,蝙蝠蝇94只,恙螨和蜱各1只,革螨和蝙蝠蝇共占中华菊头蝠总体表寄生虫总数的99.65%。革螨被鉴定为2科3属4种,其中蝠螨科埃螨属的宽埃螨为优势革螨种,其次为拟弱螨属的斯氏拟弱螨和巨刺螨科巨刺螨属的峨眉巨刺螨。蝙蝠蝇被鉴定为2科2属2种,其中蛛蝇科的Stylidia szechuana为优势虫种。宽埃螨、斯氏拟弱螨、峨眉巨刺螨和S. szechuana在不同个体的中华菊头蝠体表均呈聚集分布。不同性别的中华菊头蝠个体间总体表寄生虫、革螨和蝙蝠蝇的感染率、平均多度和平均感染强度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 云南省中华菊头蝠的主要体表寄生虫类群是革螨和蝙蝠蝇。体表寄生虫的感染情况与宿主性别之间的关系可能受到宿主生理状态影响。对我国蝙蝠体表寄生虫的研究仍待完善和深入,将为媒介传播性人兽共患病的监测和防控提供科学指导。

Objective basis for their research and the prevention of vector-borne zoonosis.Methods were selected as the collection areas to collect and identified ectoparasites of R. sinicus in August 2019, August and November2020. The parasitic infection on the body surface of R. sinicus was analyzed.ResultsOf 109 R. sinicus, 88 were infested with ectoparasites, with an infection rate of 80.73%. A total of 578 ectoparasites of gamasid mites, bat flies, chigger mites and ticks were collected. Among them, gamasid mites were the most(482), followed by bat flies(94), chigger mites(1) and ticks(1).Gamasid mites and bat flies accounted for 99.65% of the total ectoparasites of bats. The gamasid mites were identified as 4species belonging to 3 genera of 2 families. Eyndhovenia euryalis, Paraperiglischrus strandtmann and Macronyssus emciensi were the dominant mite species. Bat flies were identified as 2 species, 2 genera, 2 families. Stylidia szechuana were the dominant species. E. euryalis, P. strandtmann, M. emciensi and S. szechuana showed aggregated distributions in each individual of R. sinicus. There was no significant difference in the number of prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity of total ectoparasites, gamasid mites and bat flies among individuals of different sexes(P>0.05).ConclusionsGamasid mites and bat flies are the main ectoparasites of R. sinicus in Yunnan Province. The relationship between the number of ectoparasites and the host sex may be affected by host physiological status. The research on bats ectoparasites in China still needs to be improve,which will provide scientific guidance for the surveillance and control of vector-borne zoonotic diseases.