前景理论视域下乡村青年教师引留难题的破解——基于对15位青年访谈结果的分析

Solving The Problem Of Rural Young Teachers’Retention From The Perspective Of Prospect Theory:Based On The Analysis Of Interviews With 15 Young People

青年教师的引进与留住问题是长期制约乡村教育发展的老大难问题。本研究试图从前景理论视域寻求这一难题的破解之策。前景理论认为,人们对个体收益和损失的认知遵循两个重要原则,即评估与参照点相关原则和损失厌恶原则。本研究通过对15位青年的访谈,发现个体决策机制为个体面对事件的评估在比照参照点的基础上遵循损失厌恶原则;参照点的选取和个体通过评估对得失的判断随个体与内外部环境的关系以及个体对诸关系的认知而权变。权变的个体决策是造成乡村青年教师引留难题的重要原因之一。因此,乡村青年教师引留难题的破解,需要在正视青年个体决策生成机制的作用和系统化应对的基础上,逐步建立乡村青年教师动态引留的联动机制。

The introduction and retention of young teachers is a long-standing problem that restricts the development of rural education.This study tries to find a solution to this problem from the perspective of prospect theory.Prospect theory holds that people’s cognition of individual gain and loss follows two important principles,namely the principle of evaluation and reference point correlation and the principle of loss aversion.Through interviews with 15 young people,this study found that individual decision-making mechanism follows the principle of loss aversion on the basis of comparison of reference points.The selection of reference points and the individual’s judgment of gain and loss through evaluation vary with the relationship between the individual and the internal and external environment and the individual’s cognition of the relationship.Contingent individual decision-making is one of the important reasons for the retention problems of rural young teachers.Therefore,to solve the problem of attracting young rural teachers,it is necessary to gradually establish the linkage mechanism of dynamic attracting young rural teachers on the basis of facing up to the role of the generation mechanism of individual decision-making and systematic response.