苏东剧变以来法国共产党的联合策略新探索

The New Exploration of Unification Strategy by the French Communist Party since the Drastic Changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

面对苏东剧变以来国内外形势的复杂变化,法国共产党不断调整自身的联合策略,先后提出“公民干预基础上的左翼进步力量联盟”“以人民运动为中心”“人民和公民阵线”“积极有效的人民和政治联盟”等一系列联合主张,并在法国国内、欧洲乃至全球范围内,与左翼政党、群众组织和社会运动等开展了不同程度的联合行动。与法共以往的联合历史相比,苏东剧变以来的新探索表现出政党联合对象更加多元化、重申群众联合的中心地位、丰富欧洲和国际范围内左翼联合的形式与内容,以及更加倡导联合主体的平等自主等特征。然而由于种种原因,法共面临与其他政党的合作缺乏凝聚力和稳定性、对群众的吸引力和号召力不足等困境,制约了联合的成效。联合是一项系统性策略,其成效的扩大有赖于法共自身建设的加强与科学合理的联合政策共同作用。

In the face of the complex domestic and international situation since the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,the French Communist Party has constantly adjusted its unification strategy.It has put forward a series of unification propositions,such as "the alliance of left-wing progressive forces based on citizens intervention" "put the popular movements first" "the popular and civic front " "an active popular and political union" etc.At the same time,it has carried out various degrees of unified actions with left parties,mass organizations and social movementsin France,Europe and all around the world.Compared with its previous historical experience,these new explorations show the following characteristics:the diversification of the participants in party alliance,reaffirming the centrality of mass unity,enriching the forms and contents of the left-wing cooperation in Europe and the international scope,and advocating the equality and autonomy of the unity subjects.However,due to various internal and external reasons,the French Communist Party is faced with dilemmas such as lack of cohesion and stability in the alliance with other political parties,shortage of attraction and appeal to the masses,which restrict the effectiveness of the unity.Unification is a systematic strategy,whose effect depends on the strengthening of the French Communist Party’s own construction as well as the scientific and reasonable unification policies.