目的语环境中的语言接触、语言水平与语用能力发展研究

A Research on Language Contact,Language Proficiency and Pragmatic Competence Development in the Target Language Environment

语用能力的培养是汉语第二语言教学的重要目标,以在中国学习汉语的初、中、高三种水平的学习者为研究对象,采用定量研究和小组访谈的方法,探讨语言接触、语言水平对间接言语行为理解能力、表达能力的影响。研究结果显示:语言接触明显促进了各水平学习者语用能力的发展;互动性强、有指导性的语言接触更有益于语用理解与表达能力的提高;语用能力与语言水平并非平行发展,语言水平达到中级后语用能力才显著提升;语用中的语言表达能力更多地受到语言接触程度的影响,理解能力受语言水平影响更为明显。研究建议充分利用目的语环境,提高学习者接触汉语的量与质,促进语用能力的发展。

The cultivation of learners’pragmatic competency is one of the important goals of teaching Chinese as a second language.Recruiting participants of Korean learners learning Chinese in China with primary,intermediate and advanced Chinese proficiency levels,this research explores the influence of language contact and language proficiency on the learners’comprehension and language competence of indirect speech act by adopting the methods of quantitative analysis and interview.The results show that language contact promoted the pragmatic competence development of the learners of all levels;interactive and instructive language contact was more beneficial to improve the learners’pragmatic comprehension and language competence;the pragmatic competence improved remarkably only when the learners’language proficiency reached the intermediate level,for the former did not develop in parallel with the latter;the learners’pragmatic competence was more influenced by the degree of language contact,while their comprehension ability was more influenced by language competence.Therefore,the research suggests that learners make full use of the target language environment and lift the quantity and quality of language contact to promote the pragmatic competence.