当前刑事法治的薄弱环节及补强路径实证研究

Empirical Study on Current Weaknesses and Strengthening Paths of Criminal Rule of Law

基于实证调查数据,采用验证性因素分析,本文首次编制中国刑事法治指数。通过指数测量发现,刑事法治的薄弱环节主要集中在侦查阶段;司法公正是刑事法治的薄弱环节。刑事司法公正的薄弱环节有:嫌疑人、被告人获得及时审理的程序保障,司法机关依法独立行使职权,嫌疑人权利保障。侦查阶段的薄弱环节有:警察廉洁、司法信息资源共享投入、法律援助投入。审判、执行阶段的薄弱环节有:刑事案件最终裁判结果免受工作压力影响、控制青少年犯罪、罪犯再犯预防和再社会化投入、羁押顽危犯设施投入。根据回归分析结论,科学提出刑事法治薄弱环节的补强对策:消除员额司法人员绩效考核和错案追究的行政化倾向;废除刑事拘留刑事强制措施;构建逮捕与羁押相分离的审前制度安排;实施逮捕后羁押期限的绝对主义模式;将“嫌疑人回答”的规定解释为权利规范;实践检察机关对公安机关刑事案件监督的全覆盖;构建一种公众参与的、有效的纪检监察机制;构建嫌疑人获得通俗易懂法律读本的保障体系;扩大侦查阶段法律援助的对象范围。

Based on empirical survey data and confirmatory factor analysis method,this paper compiles China’s Criminal Rule of Law Index.Through index measurement,it is found that the weak links of criminal rule of law are mainly concentrated in the investigation stage;and judicial justice is the weak link of criminal rule of law.The weak links of criminal justice include:the procedural guarantee for the timely trial of suspects and defendants;the independent exercise of functions and powers by judicial organs according to law,and the protection of suspects’ rights.The weak links in the investigation stage are:police integrity,judicial information resource sharing investment,and legal aid investment.The weak links in the trial and execution stage include:the protection of the final judgment results of criminal cases away from work pressure,the controlling of juvenile delinquency,the investment in the prevention of recidivismand and criminals’ re-socialization,and the investment in the facilities for detaining stubborn and dangerous criminals.According to the conclusion of regression analysis,this paper scientifically puts forward the strengthening countermeasures for the weak links of criminal rule of law:eliminating the administrative tendency of performance evaluation of judicial personnel and misjudged case investigation;abolishing criminal detention;constructing the pretrial system arrangement of separating arrest from custody;implementing the absolutism model of detention period after arrest;the provision of "suspect answer" interpreted as a right norm;practicing the full coverage of procuratorial organs’ supervision over criminal cases;building an effective discipline inspection and supervision mechanism with public participation;building a guarantee system for suspects to obtain easy-to-understand legal books;expanding the object scope of legal aid in the investigation stage.