帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪的证明简化及其限制

Simplification of Proof of Crime of Helping Information Cybercriminal Activities and Its Limitations

帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪案发量激增,主要源于网络黑产全链条打击的司法政策、对“明知”的扩张解释以及认罪认罚案件的效率导向,这联合指向定罪证明的简化,认清“证明简化”需实体与程序一体化分析。本罪的“明知”应平义解释为“知道”,不能为降低证明难度而将“应当知道”作为下限。关于“明知”的证明,以经验为中介的推定方法不可避免,但“推定”系司法证明中断,具有突破法定证明标准的风险,为区隔有罪推定,“排除合理怀疑”的心证程度及证明标准、被告人“经验抗辩”机会、认罪认罚案件的自愿性审查均不能简化。基于罪刑法定和疑罪从无,本罪的适用应坚持共犯从属性而不能简化为“非共犯”,第287条之二属于帮助犯的特殊定罪量刑规则,“帮助之帮助”因与正犯缺少密接性而不可罚,本罪不应成为违反行业管理规定的兜底罪名。

The violent rising of the Crime in Art.287 b is mainly due to the the whole-chain punishment policy,the expanded interpretation of "knowing" and the advancing of Chinese plea bargainning,which jointly point to the simplification of conviction."Knowing" in Art.287 b should be interpreted as Actual Notice.As for the proof of "knowing",the presumption method mediated by experience is inevitable,but "presumption" is the interruption of judicial proof,which has the risk of breaking through legal proof standard.In order to distinguish the presumption of guilt,the legal proof standard,the opportunity of empirical defense from the defendants,and the facticity of confession can not be simplified.The application of Art.287 b should adhere to the subordination of accomplice.That means Art.287 b belongs to the special conviction and sentencing rules of joint offense.The "concatenate help" is not punishable due to the lack of intimacy with the principal offender.Therefore,this crime should not be treated as a crime against the administrative regulations.