摘要
帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪案发量激增,主要源于网络黑产全链条打击的司法政策、对“明知”的扩张解释以及认罪认罚案件的效率导向,这联合指向定罪证明的简化,认清“证明简化”需实体与程序一体化分析。本罪的“明知”应平义解释为“知道”,不能为降低证明难度而将“应当知道”作为下限。关于“明知”的证明,以经验为中介的推定方法不可避免,但“推定”系司法证明中断,具有突破法定证明标准的风险,为区隔有罪推定,“排除合理怀疑”的心证程度及证明标准、被告人“经验抗辩”机会、认罪认罚案件的自愿性审查均不能简化。基于罪刑法定和疑罪从无,本罪的适用应坚持共犯从属性而不能简化为“非共犯”,第287条之二属于帮助犯的特殊定罪量刑规则,“帮助之帮助”因与正犯缺少密接性而不可罚,本罪不应成为违反行业管理规定的兜底罪名。
The violent rising of the Crime in Art.287 b is mainly due to the the whole-chain punishment policy,the expanded interpretation of "knowing" and the advancing of Chinese plea bargainning,which jointly point to the simplification of conviction."Knowing" in Art.287 b should be interpreted as Actual Notice.As for the proof of "knowing",the presumption method mediated by experience is inevitable,but "presumption" is the interruption of judicial proof,which has the risk of breaking through legal proof standard.In order to distinguish the presumption of guilt,the legal proof standard,the opportunity of empirical defense from the defendants,and the facticity of confession can not be simplified.The application of Art.287 b should adhere to the subordination of accomplice.That means Art.287 b belongs to the special conviction and sentencing rules of joint offense.The "concatenate help" is not punishable due to the lack of intimacy with the principal offender.Therefore,this crime should not be treated as a crime against the administrative regulations.
出处
《法学评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期94-103,共10页
Law Review
基金
2021年度国家社科基金重大项目“数字经济的刑事安全风险防范体系建构研究”(项目编号:21&ZD209)的阶段性成果
东南大学—博事达“数据交易平台的法律风险与规制”研究课题(项目编号:H202130030)
东南大学至善青年学者支持计划资助。
关键词
帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪
证明简化
明知
认罪认罚
刑事推定
共犯从属性
Crime of Helping Cybercrime
Simplification of Conviction
Actual Notice
Criminal Presumption
Admission of Guilty and Acceptance of Punishment
Subordination of Joint Offense