大数据拜物教的政治经济学分析

A Political Economy Analysis of Big Data Fetishism

数据的商品化催生了以数据为“一般等价物”的虚假价值形式,深化了商品世界的抽象性、迷惑性和胁迫性,加剧了资本主义拜物教的颠倒幻象,进而形成了一种全新的拜物教形式——大数据拜物教,并随之衍生出相应的颠倒观念:颠倒的商品生产与消费关系,创造出虚假性需求;颠倒的数据量与质的关系,制造出投射性认同:颠倒的用户数字身份与现实身份关系,塑造出虚拟性误认。大数据拜物教及其颠倒观念,根源于技术、时间和空间资本化逻辑的不断深化,以及数据资本以“剥夺性积累”的新方式对资本主义生产与再生产过程的重塑。只有经由大数据意识形态和数据资本逻辑的双重批判与建构,才能从根本上打破数字资本主义生产关系、交换关系的结构性束缚逐步将大数据整合进人的解放的历史进程中。

The commodificationof data has spawned a false form of value with dataas the"general equivalent",which is deepening the abstraction,confusion and coercion of the commodity world,as well as intensifying the upside-down illusionof capitalist fetishism.Asa result,anew form of fetishism-Big data fetishism has been formed,and the corresponding inversion concept has been derived:the inverted relationship between production and consumption of commodity creates false demand,the inverted relationship between quantity and quality of data creates projective identity,and the inverled relationship between digitalidentity and real identity ofusers creates virtual misrecognition.Big data fetishism andits inverted concept are rooted inthe continuous deepening of the logic of capitalization of technology,time and space,whiledata capital has reshaped the process of capitalist production and reproduction in anew way of"accumulation by dispossession".Only through the dual criticismand construction of big data ideology and data capital logic can we fundamentally break the structural constraints of production relations and exchange relations of digital capitalist,and gradually integratebig data into the historical processof human liberation.