两种评估模型在某炼铁厂噪声风险评估中的应用

Application of two risk assessment models to noise risk assessment in an iron plant

目的探索两种职业健康风险评估模型在某炼铁厂噪声风险评估中的适用性。方法以邢台市某炼铁厂主要噪声作业岗位为研究对象,进行职业卫生学调查、收集噪声检测报告和体检结果,运用职业危害风险指数法和ICMM模型对噪声进行风险评估,采用加权Kappa检验对两种模型的评估结果进行一致性检验。结果调查岗位的噪声强度在80.6~90.7dB(A)。职业危害风险指数法评估结果显示,筛分工、炉前工、润磨工等10个工种风险评估结果均为中等风险。ICMM模型定量评估结果显示,除干除尘工外的12个工种均为极高风险;ICMM模型矩阵评估结果显示,噪声暴露水平>85 dB(A)的工种中,筛分工为极高风险,其他工种均为高风险,<85 dB(A)的工种风险等级均为中等风险。一致性检验结果显示两种模型评估结果不一致。结论该炼铁厂发生噪声致听力危害的风险较高,需加强对企业的管理。ICMM模型定量评估结果高估健康风险;职业危害风险指数法评估结果较低;ICMM模型矩阵评估结果和实际检测结果较一致,两种模型在该行业噪声作业场所的适用性还需进一步研究。

Objective To explore the applicability of two occupational health risk assessment models in noise risk assessment of an iron plant.Methods The main noise exposure positions in an iron plant in Xingtai were selected to survey the occupational hygiene,and collect noise detection reports and physical examination results.Occupational hazard risk index method and International Council on Mining and Metals(ICMM)model were used to assess the risk of noise-exposed positions.The weighted Kappa test was used to test the consistency of the assessment results of the two models.Results The noise levels of the survey positions ranged from 80.6 dB(A)to 90.7 dB(A).The results of occupational hazard risk index method showed that the risks of 10 positions were medium,such as screening workers,furnace workers and embellish workers.The results of ICMM quantitative model showed that the risks of 12 positions except dry dust removal worker were extremely high.The results of ICMM matrix model showed that the risks of the screening worker were extremely high when the noise exposure levels was>85 dB(A),others were high.All positions were medium when the noise exposure levels was<85 dB(A).Consistency test results showed that the evaluation results of the two methods were inconsistent.Conclusions The risk of hearing loss caused by noise in the iron plant is high,and it is necessary to strengthen the management of the enterprise.The risk assessment of noise exposure by the quantitative method of ICMM model may be overestimated.The risk assessment of noise exposure by occupational hazard risk index method may be underestimated.The risk assessment of noise exposure by the ICMM model matrix method may be consistent with the actual detection results.The applicability of the two models in noise workplaces needs further studies.