噪声作业工人双耳高频平均听阈和血压的影响因素分析

Analysis on the influencing factors of the binaural high-frequency average hearing threshold and blood pressure of the noise-exposed workers

目的了解噪声作业工人的健康状况,分析噪声对听力和血压的影响,提出防护措施。方法选取深圳市某电机有限公司参加职业健康检查的2282名噪声作业工人为调查对象,采取横断面调查方法,分析双耳高频听力和血压异常的影响因素以及两者之间的关系。结果2282名噪声作业工人中,男性占67.6%,女性占32.4%,年龄中位数为37.90岁,职业危害接触工龄中位数为5.83 a。噪声双耳高频平均听阈(校正值)中位数为23.00 dB,双耳高频听力损伤检出率为7.2%,年龄越大、男性工人的高频听力损伤检出率越高;血压异常检出率为9.8%,年龄、工龄越大,血压异常检出率有增加趋势,男性工人的血压异常检出率明显高于女性工人(χ^(2)=70.907,P<0.05)。双耳高频听力损伤组的血压异常检出率明显高于正常组(χ^(2)=5.837,P<0.05),同时高频听力损伤组的收缩压和舒张压均明显高于正常组(Z=-3.709,P<0.05;Z=-3.187,P<0.05)。结论该电机公司的噪声作业工人存在听力损伤,建议加强噪声防护宣传教育和防护措施,减少噪声职业损伤的发生。

Objective To investigate the health status of noise-exposed workers,and to analyze the impact of noise on hearing and blood pressure,proposing protective measures.Methods A cross-sectional study on 2282 noise-exposed workers was carried out,and a cross-sectional survey method was adopted to analyze the influencing factors of high-frequency hearing loss and blood pressure abnormalities as well as the relationship between them.Results Among the 2282 noise-exposed workers,67.6%were males and 32.4%were females;the median age was 37.90 years;the median years of occupational hazard exposure was 5.83 a.The median of the noise high-frequency average hearing threshold(corrected value)was 23.00 dB,and high-frequency hearing impairment rate was 7.2%,a higher of which tend to be male and older.Additionally,the abnormal rate of blood pressure was 9.8%,which has an increasing trend in the older and longer working years workers.The blood pressure abnormality rate of male workers was significantly higher than that of female workers(χ~2=70.907,P<0.05).The abnormal rate of blood pressure in the high-frequency hearing impairment group was significantly higher than that in the normal group(χ~2=5.837,P<0.05),while both systolic blood pressure(SBP)and diastolic blood pressure(DBP)in the high-frequency hearing impairment group were significantly higher than those in the normal group(Z=-3.709,P<0.05;Z=-3.187,P<0.05).Conclusions Noise workers at this motor company suffer from hearing loss,and it is recommended to strengthen the propagation and education of protection against noise,and to improve noise protection measures to reduce the occurrence of noise occupational injuries.