宁夏沿黄经济带生态用地格局演变及其驱动机制

Evolution and Driving Mechanism of Ecological Land Use along the Yellow Economic Belt in Ningxia

基于多源遥感数据支持,采用土地利用转移流和标准椭圆差等方法,分析了宁夏沿黄经济带生态用地演变特征及其驱动机制。结果表明:(1)生产和生活用地挤占生态用地现象明显,1980—2018年生态用地占比由71.68%降为66.35%。重点生态功能用地增加,形成了沙坡头、白芨滩以及银川平原中北部三个防护林带和黄土丘陵沟壑区水土保持林区,银川平原湿地面积扩大,生态用地时空结构有所优化。(2)生态用地在空间上呈现为西南—东北方向变化趋势,且由早期“面域”调整转为后期“点域”优化。(3)生态用地变化体现为“驱动力—响应—结果”的驱动机制,城镇化和工业化、生态移民工程、绿洲农业发展是生态空间受到挤压的主因,生态建设与修复是优化生态用地格局与提升生态服务功能的重要举措。(4)基于土地利用转移流的驱动力溯源分析方法,为土地利用变化驱动因子及其定量测评提供新的分析视角与方法。

Exploring the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of ecological land,and can provide decisionmaking reference for ecological protection and construction of high-quality development pilot zone in the Yellow River Basin.Based on multi-source remote sensing data,land-use flow and standard ellipse difference are used to analyze the characteristics and driving mechanism of ecological land use evolution along the Yellow Economic Belt in Ningxia.The results show that:1) The ratio of ecological land used for production and living decreases from 71.68% to 66.35% in1980-2018.It shows a significant increase in term of the key ecological function land,due to the new shelterbelts in Shapotou,Baijitan,the middle and northern part of Yinchuan Plain,conservation forest in loess hilly-gully area,and the wetland area in Yinchuan plain.The temporal and spatial structure of ecological land is optimized.2) The ecological land presents the spatial pattern of southwest-northeast direction,and changes from "slice" adjustment to "point" optimization in the later period.3) The change of ecological land use is reflected as the dynamic-response-result mechanism.Urbanization and industrialization,ecological migration project and oasis agricultural development are the fundamental driving forces of ecological space squeezing.Ecological construction and restoration provide ecological security guarantee for regional development.4) Based on the driving force traceability method of land use transfer flow,it provides a new perspective and method for the driving force of land use change and its quantitative evaluation.