旅游技术效率、旅游绿色生产率收敛性及其影响因素

Convergence and Influencing Factors of Tourism Technical Efficiency,Green Productivity

旅游业在推动国民经济发展的同时,不可避免地引发了环境污染和生态破坏等问题,提升旅游绿色生产率已成为推动旅游生态文明建设和旅游经济高质量发展的重要举措。文章运用基于非期望产出的Super-EBM模型、全域Malmquist-Luenberger指数和收敛性模型,从静态和动态视角出发对2005—2019年中国旅游业技术效率和旅游绿色生产率进行测算,分析其收敛性及其影响因素。研究发现:(1)2005—2019年中国旅游技术效率均值为0.433,距离生产前沿面仍然存在56.7%的改进潜力,旅游绿色生产率GML指数总体上存在小幅度增长且动力主要源于技术变动。(2)旅游绿色生产率增长总体上存在σ收敛,且具有显著的绝对β收敛和条件β收敛特征。(3)市场经济水平、区域产业结构、环境规制、交通基础设施投入、政府干预、创新水平等因素对中国旅游绿色生产率增长及收敛的影响存在显著空间异质性。

Tourism development promotes the development of national economy and inevitably leads to environmental pollution and ecological damage.Improving tourism green productivity has become an important measure to accelerate the tourism ecological civilization construction and the high-quality development of tourism economy.Using the superEBM model based on undesired output,global Malmquist-Luenberger index and convergence model,this study calculates the technical efficiency and green productivity of China’s provincial tourism industry from 2005 to 2019 from the static and dynamic perspectives,and analyzes its convergence and influencing factors.The results indicate that:1) From 2005 to2019,the average tourism technical efficiency of China was 0.433,and there was 56.7% improvement potential from the front of production,the GML index of tourism green productivity had a small increase in general and mainly comes from the technical changes.2) Tourism green productivity growth generally existed σ convergence,and it had obvious characteristics of absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence.3) There was significant spatial heterogeneity in the effects of market economy,regional industrial structure,environmental regulation,transportation infrastructure investment,government intervention and innovation level on green productivity growth and convergence of tourism in China.