全球非物质文化遗产保护制度演进路径

Thinking on the Evolution Path of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection System around the World

从世界范围内非物质文化遗产保护制度演进路径来看,日本、韩国等东亚国家的遗产保护法律制度表现出明显的物质文化遗产和非物质文化遗产一体综合保护的特征,英美法系的相应法律制度则体现出明显的分散保护的特征。联合国等国际组织保护非物质文化遗产的制度发展进路中,早期体现为“民俗”“民间文学艺术”保护路径,当代体现为主流的“非物质文化遗产”保护路径。考察世界范围内非物质文化遗产保护发展的路径,对完善中国非物质文化遗产保护法律体系,加强非物质文化遗产的全链条保护,实现其文化效益、社会效益和经济效益的统一具有重要意义。

From the worldwide concept and system of intangible cultural heritage protection evolution path,The legal system of heritage protection in Japan,South Korea and other East Asian countries shows the obvious characteristic of the integrated protection of material cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage,which can be called the comprehensive protection.The corresponding legal system of the common law system reflects the obvious characteristic of decentralized protection,which can be called the decentralized protection path.The development paths include early development path,namely the early "folk" and "folk literature and art" protection path and modern and contemporary development trend,namely mainstream "intangible cultural heritage" protection path of intangible cultural heritage protection system in the United Nations and other international organizations.It is meaningful to summarize the worldwide intangible cultural heritage protection system development,which embodied in perfecting our Intangible cultural heritage protection legal system,strengthening the protection of intangible cultural heritage of the whole chain and achieving the unity of its cultural,social and economic benefits.