本质的形而上学——一个批判性的概述考察

The Metaphysics of Essence:A Critical Overview

形而上学是一个经典哲学问题,但其引发的争论层出不穷,一度成为哲学家激烈批判的对象。当代呈现出形而上学复兴的迹象,肩负着改造、构建自身话语对象的任务。要进一步考察当代形而上学比较有代表性的本质主义,关注对象本质的两个问题:本质的本体论,涉及本质与实体、本质与存在等关系;本质的认识论,涉及本质先天论、本质后天论、本质混合论。当代本质主义发展到了相对成熟的时期,但其中隐藏着诸多问题。关于本质是什么,需要进一步的研究和反思。

Metaphysics is a classical philosophical issue,but it has given rise to numerous debates and was at one time the subject of denunciation by philosophers.The contemporary era shows signs of a metaphysical renaissance which is shouldering the task of transforming and constructing the objects of its own discourse.To further examine the more representative essentialism of contemporary metaphysics,we focus on two issues to do with the nature of objects:the ontology of essence,which concerns the relationship between essence and entity,essence and existence,etc.,and the epistemology of essence,which concerns a priori essence,aposteriori essence,and hybrid essence.Contemporary essentialism is relatively well developed,but many questions are hidden within it.Further research and introspection are needed on what“essence”is.