甲状腺相关眼病的非手术治疗现状及研究进展

Current status and research progress in the conservative treatment of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

甲状腺相关眼病(thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, TAO)是一种与甲状腺功能异常密切相关的自身免疫性疾病,是成人最常见的眼眶疾病之一。临床表现复杂多样,病情进展可引起眼球突出、复视,暴露性角膜炎、角膜溃疡和压迫性视神经病变,导致不可逆性视力损害甚至失明。治疗上缺乏特异性,仅以临床对症治疗为主,疗效不确定,目前该病是眼科的难点。临床一线药物治疗以糖皮质激素为主,二线治疗如免疫抑制剂、放射治疗等,均存在一定局限性。随着对疾病认识的深入、全面,根据TAO发病机制研发出了以替妥木单抗、利妥昔单抗为代表的多种新型靶向药物,展现出缓解炎症、控制病情的优良作用,是未来的研究方向。本文就TAO的非手术治疗现状及研究进展做一简要综述。

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO) is an autoimmune disease that is closely related to thyroid dysfunction. It is one of the most common orbital diseases in adults with complex clinical manifestations. As the disease progresses, it may manifest as proptosis, diplopia, exposure keratitis, corneal ulceration and compressive optic neuropathy, leading to irreversible visual impairment or even blindness. The treatment is lack of specificity and only focuses on clinical symptomatic treatment, the efficacy is uncertain. It is currently a problematic area of ophthalmology. Clinical first-line drug treatment is based on glucocorticoids. Second-line treatments, such as immunosuppressants and radiotherapy, all them have certain limitations. With the in-depth and comprehensive understanding of the disease, a variety of new targeted drugs represented by teprotumumab and rituximab have been developed for the pathogenesis of TAO. Their excellent roles in relieving inflammation and controlling the disease are the future research direction. In this paper, the current status and research progress of conservative treatment of TAO will be reviewed.