动物福利法的域外适用:欧盟经验、国际法理与中国应对

The Extraterritorial Application of Animal Welfare Law: The European Experience, Jurisprudence ofInternational Law and Implications for China

“种牛出口运输案”和“欧洲化妆品原料联合会案”标志着欧盟动物福利法的域外适用。从国际法的角度来看,欧盟动物福利法的域外适用并不违反国际法上的域外管辖权原则。从欧盟法的角度来看,欧洲法院是欧盟动物福利法域外适用的幕后推手,一方面,通过支持欧盟动物福利法域外适用的司法判例,欧洲法院补充了欧盟立法机关对欧盟动物福利法域外适用的立法意图;另一方面,为了避免管辖权的重叠与法律冲突,欧洲法院充分利用等效性原则来淡化法律域外适用的负面效果。在新冠肺炎疫情全球大流行的背景下,我国应当借鉴欧盟动物福利法域外适用的经验,建立和健全我国动物福利法律体系,适时推进我国动物福利法的域外适用,灵活处理我国动物福利法域外适用的法律冲突。

The“Zuchtvieh v.Stadt Kempten”case and the“European Federation for Cosmetic Ingredients”case have marked the extraterritorial application of EU animal welfare law.From the perspective of international law,the extraterritorial application of EU animal welfare law does not violate the principle of extraterritorial jurisdiction in international law.From the perspective of EU law,the European Court of Justice(ECJ)is the driving force behind the extraterritorial application of EU animal welfare law.On the one hand,through its jurisprudence supporting the extraterritorial application of EU animal welfare law,the ECJ has supplemented the legislative intent of the EU legislature with regard to the extraterritorial application of EU animal welfare law.On the other hand,in order to avoid overlapping jurisdictions and conflicts of law,the ECJ makes full use of the principle of equivalence to downplay the negative effects of the extraterritorial application of laws.In the context of the global pandemic of COVID 19,China should learn from the experience of the EU in the extraterritorial application of animal welfare laws,establish and improve its animal welfare legal system,promote the extraterritorial application of its animal welfare laws in a timely manner,and flexibly deal with legal conflicts in the extraterritorial application of China’s animal welfare laws.