构式视域下的连词“何况”及“何况”句

Conjunction hekuang and hekuang sentence:A constructional perspective

连词“何况_(1)”与“何况_(2)”在句法、语义和语用上有一系列区别,“何况_(1)”构式和“何况_(2)”构式有不同的构式义,前者的反问语气已弱化,后者的反问语气则已消失。“何况”经历了构式化和构式变化,“何况_(2)”在当代汉语中已比“何况_(1)”更常用。“何况_(1)”是句内连词,“何况_(2)”是句内连词+超句连词;“何况_(1)”构式是句子构式,“何况_(2)”构式的A式是句子构式,B式是超句构式。超句构式中的“何况_(2)”未来或有可能经历新一轮构式化,成为话语标记。

Conjunction hekuang1 is different from conjunction hekuang2 semantically,syntactically and pragmatically,and the constructional meanings of constructions hekuang1 and hekuang2 are different,with the former’s rhetoric interrogation weakened and the latter’s completely lost.Hekuang has undergone constructionalization and constructional change,and hekuang2 is more frequently used than hekuang1 in contemporary Chinese.Hekuang1 is a syntactic conjunction and hekuang2 is a macrosyntactic one;while hekuang1 construction is a syntactic construction,types A and B of hekuang2 construction belong to syntactic construction and macrosyntactic construction respectively.The macrosyntactic construction is likely to further undergo new constructionalization,thus moving towards a discourse marker.