基于生涯教育的美国社区学院“引导路径”项目解析

Analysis of the "Guided Pathway" Project of American Community Colleges Based on Career Education

“引导路径”项目是由美国社区学院协会于2015年发起的国家性改革项目。该项目立足于生涯教育,旨在解决美国社区学院高辍学率、低毕业率、低转学率问题,目前已形成了较为完备的结构化运行模型。“引导路径”项目的主要构成要素为结构化的个人路径、辅助性的生涯咨询、整合化的教育经验组合和基于实证数据的动态监控系统。该项目实现学生生涯教育的机制包括基本理念培养与培训机制、流程化行动机制、课程定制与更新机制、生涯咨询机制、教学质量保障机制与多元质量监督机制。其特点可概括为实施主体多元化、价值取向人本化、实施策略阶段化、质量监督证据化与项目改进持续化。

The "Guided Pathway" project is a national reform project initiated by the American Association of Community Colleges in 2015.This project based on career education and aimed at solving the problem of high dropout rate,low graduation rate,and low transfer rate in American community colleges.The "Guided Pathway" project has formed a relatively complete structured operation model.The main elements of the "Guided Pathway" project are structured personal paths,auxiliary career counseling,integrated educational experience combination and dynamic monitoring system based on empirical data.The mechanism of the project to realize students’ career education include basic concept training and training mechanism;process-based action mechanism;curriculum customization and update mechanism;career consulting mechanism;teaching quality assurance mechanism;and multiple quality supervision mechanism.Its characteristics can be summarized as implementation of diversification of subjects;humanization of value orientation;phased implementation of strategies;evidence-based quality supervision;and continuity of project improvement.