职业病健康查体对职业病的预防作用及现存不足和管理对策分析

Preventive effect of occupational disease health examination on occupational diseases and analysis of existing deficiencies and Management Countermeasures

目的探讨职业病健康查体对职业病的预防作用及现存不足和管理对策.方法收集天津市2019年1月-2021年12月6351份来自106家不同企业的职业病健康查体资料进行整理汇总,其中5048份为在岗人员健康查体报告,其余1303份为离岗(离岗时间<1年)人员健康查体报告.计算天津市3年内职业病检出率,分析职业病危害因素,并探讨职业病防治措施现存不足及后续职业病防治管理对策.结果天津市2019年在岗、离岗及总体人员职业病检出率分别为0.84%、1.01%、0.88%;2020年分别为0.95%、0.98%、0.96%;2021年分别为1.38%、2.20%、1.54%;2019年、2020年、2021年3年内职业病检出总人数为74人,占比1.17%.天津市2019年职业病患者从事粉尘有害行业、噪音过度行业、化学有害行业、物理有害行业占比分别为18.75%、12.50%、37.50%、31.25%;2020年分别为26.32%、10.53%、36.84%、26.32%;2021年分别为20.51%、12.82%、41.03%、25.64%;天津市2019年、2020年、2021年3年内职业病患者从事粉尘有害行业、噪音过度行业、化学有害行业、物理有害行业占比分别为39.19%、12.16%、39.19%、27.03%.天津市106家企业职业病防治工作中存在工作防护用品缺乏、简陋问题的有17家,占比16.04%;存在职业病防治工作管理制度不完善问题的有45家,占比42.45%;存在职业病健康查体监测力度不够问题的有92家,占比86.79%;存在职业病健康查体异常申报不理想问题的有52家,占比49.06%;存在对职业病防治工作重视程度不足问题的有68家,占比64.15%.结论职业病健康查体对企业工作人员职业病防治工作有着重要作用,尤其需要加强从事化学、粉尘工作者的职业病监测、预防工作.

Objective To explore the preventive effect of occupational disease health examination on occupational diseases,the existing shortcomings and management countermeasures.Methods 6351 occupational disease health examination data from 106 different enterprises in our city from January 2019 to December 2021 were collected,of which 5048 were health examination reports of on-the-job personnel,and the rest 1303 were health examination reports of off-the-job personnel(off-the-job time<lyear).Calculate the detection rate of occupational diseases in our city within 3 years,analyze the occupational hazard factors,and explore the existing deficiencies of occupational disease prevention and control measures and follow-up occupational disease prevention and control management countermeasures.Results The detection rates of occupational diseases of on-the-job,off the job and overall personnel in our city in 2019 were 0.84%,1.01%and 0.88%respectively;0.95%,0.98%and 0.96%respectively in 2020;1.38%,2.20%and 1.54%respectively in 2021;the total number of occupational diseases detected in our city in 2019,2020 and 2021 is 74,accounting for 1.17%.In 2019,the proportion of occupational disease patients engaged in dust harmful industry,excessive noise industry,chemical harmful industry and physical harmful industry was 18.75%,12.50%,37.50%and 31.25%respectively;in 2020,it will be 26.32%,10.53%,36.84%and 26.32%respectively;20.51%,12.82%,41.03%and 25.64%respectively in 2021;in 2019,2020 and 2021,39.19%,12.16%,39.19%and 27.03%of occupational disease patients were engaged in dust harmful industries,excessive noise industries,chemical harmful industries and physical harmful industries respectively.17 of 106 enterprises in our city have the problem of lack and rudeness of work protective articles in the prevention and control of occupational diseases,accounting for 16.04%;here are 45 enterprises with imperfect management system of occupational disease prevention and control accounting for 42.45%;92(86.79%)had the problem of insufficient physical examination and monitoring of occupational diseases;52 enterprises(49.06%)had the problem of unsatisfactory declaration of abnormal physical examination of occupational diseases;there are 68 companies that do not pay enough altention to the prevention and control of occupational diseases,accounting for 64.15%.Conc lus ion Occupational disease health examination plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases for enterprise staff,especially the monitoring and prevention of occupational diseases for chemical and dustworkers.