克氏原螯虾头尾自动定向装置参数优化及试验

Parameter optimization and experiment for the automatic head and tail orientation device of Procambarus clarkii

为了解决克氏原螯虾加工过程中手动送料劳动强度高、效率低、虾肉易被污染等问题,该研究设计了一种克氏原螯虾头尾自动定向装置。通过统计分析克氏原螯虾样本的体型特征参数,阐述定向装置实现克氏原螯虾连续自动送料和头尾定向的工作原理,并设计电磁振动机构、螺旋轨道和头尾筛选结构等关键部件。以定向装置作业效率和头尾定向准确率为优化目标,选取工作振幅、频率和筛选口数量为主要影响因素,利用EDEM软件实现克氏原螯虾在定向装置中的运动仿真;通过仿真试验结果分析得到,影响作业效率的3个因素主次顺序为频率、筛选口数量、振幅;影响定向准确率的3个因素主次顺序为筛选口数量、频率、振幅。利用Design-Expert 11软件确定影响因素的最优参数组合:当振幅为0.3 mm,频率为65.16 Hz,筛选口数量为2个时,作业效率为1.88只/s,头尾定向准确率为92.52%。对比样机试验与仿真优化结果,仿真试验的作业效率和头尾定向准确率的相对误差为9.04%和2.45%,验证了该定向装置的可行性和有效性。该研究可为研发克氏原螯虾机械加工装备提供技术参考。

Mechanical processing has been a promising way to deal with the high labor intensity, low efficiency, and easy meat pollution of manual feeding in the processing of Procambarus clarkii. In this study, an automatic head and tail orientation device was designed, according to the body structure characteristics of Procambarus clarkii. Taking the cooked Procambarus clarkii as the research object, the characteristic parameters of body shape were firstly measured for latter use. The working principle of the orientation device was determined to realize continuous automatic feeding at the orientation of head and tail.Meanwhile, the key components were designed, including electromagnetic vibration mechanism, spiral tracking, and head and tail screening structure. Secondly, the three-dimensional structure and discrete element models of Procambarus clarkii and orientation device were established using SolidWorks and EDEM software, respectively. The properties of simulation materials were then calibrated. The working efficiency and the orientation accuracy of head and tail were determined as the optimization objectives of the orientation device. The main influencing factors were selected as the working amplitude,frequency, and the number of screening ports of the orientation device. The motion simulation of Procambarus clarkii was performed on the orientation device using EDEM software. A simulation test was carried out to clarify the influence of each factor. Meanwhile, an orthogonal test was conducted to analyze the influence of multiple factors. Thirdly, the primary and secondary orders affecting the working efficiency of Procambarus clarkii were ranked as the frequency, the number of screening ports, and amplitude. The primary and secondary orders affecting head and tail orientation accuracy were ranked as the number of screening ports, frequency, and amplitude. A mathematical model was established to describe the performance of the directional device. Subsequently, an optimal module was provided by the response surface method using the Design-Expert 11 software. An optimal parameter combination of influencing factors was achieved, where the amplitude,frequency, and the number of screening ports of the orientation device were 0.3 mm, 65.16 Hz and 2, respectively. In this case,the working efficiency and orientation accuracy of head and tail were 1.88 per second and 92.52%, respectively. Finally, the prototype of the orientation device was produced to verify using the optimal parameter combination of influencing factors. The real working efficiency and orientation accuracy of head and tail Procambarus clarkii were 1.71 per second and 90.25%,respectively. The relative errors of the working efficiency and the orientation accuracy of head and tail were 9.04% and 2.45%,respectively, compared with the simulation. The orientation device was evaluated for its feasibility and effectiveness. The findings can provide a technical reference for the automatic processing equipment of Procambarus clarkii.