《内经》视角下《遵生八笺》春季养肝治肝法探析

Analysis on the methods for nourishing liver and treating liver diseases in spring in Zunsheng Bajian from the perspective of Huangdi Neijing

明代高濂所著的《遵生八笺》以《黄帝内经》为理论基础,从四时调摄入手,据五行与四时五节的属性同相应脏腑配伍,对春季与肝的表里体现,春季肝病的特点、治法用药及春季养生之法等方面进行详细介绍,同时对肝脏的形态有了进一步认识,并将春季肝病的病证特点进行细化分类,加入肝病与梦境相对应的内容。该书将春季三月细致拆分,逐月从药、食、衣、浴、养、功几方面进行调摄之法的论述,并给出清肝调肝“嘘”字诀、舒展筋脉导引术、静坐叩齿修肝法三法进行养肝调肝,从而做到顺时养生。书中注重老人春季病的选方用药与预防调摄,在调畅情志方面内容丰富有趣,对现代春季肝病的防治摄养具有重要的参考价值。

Zunsheng Bajian,written by Gao Lian in the Ming Dynasty,is based on Huangdi Neijing(Inner Canon of Huangdi).Starting from the health maintenance in the four seasons,the book introduces in detail the exterior and interior manifestations of the liver in spring,the characteristics of liver diseases in spring,their treatment methods and medications,and health preservation methods in spring according to the congruence of the five elements properties in the four seasons and five solar terms with the corresponding zang-fu viscera.At the same time,the author acquires a further understanding of the morphology of the liver,and makes a detailed classification of liver diseases in spring and their syndrome characteristics,adding the corresponding contents of the congruence of liver diseases with dreams.The book divides the spring season into three months in detail,and discusses month by month the methods for regulating the liver from the aspects of medicine,diet,clothing,bathing,nourishment and exercise,putting forward the three methods for clearing the liver-fire and regulating the liver,stretching the tendons and ligaments,sitting quietly and knocking teeth up and down,so as to perform a health preservation at an opportune time.The book pays attention to the formulation of prescriptions,selection of medications and prevention for those diseases of the elderly in spring,and has rich and interesting discussions in emotion regulations,which has an important reference value for the prevention and treatment of modern liver diseases in spring.