PD-1/PD-L1在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用研究进展

Research progress on the application of PD-1/PD-L1 in tumor immunotherapy

肿瘤免疫疗法是继放化疗、靶向治疗之后最新的临床治疗恶性肿瘤的标准治疗方法,免疫检查点PD-1/PD-L1作为参与机体肿瘤免疫调节过程的重要组成标志物和肿瘤免疫治疗的研究热点,已成功应用于黑色素瘤、乳腺癌等恶性肿瘤的临床治疗.目前,成功上市的PD-1/PD-L1信号通路抑制剂均为大分子单抗类药物,结合PD-1/PD-L1的结构域特点提出的新型小分子药物在肿瘤免疫治疗中表现出了促进药物吸收、减轻患者负担的优势.将PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂与其他治疗方式联用,不仅能够恢复正常免疫功能,还具有明显的抗肿瘤效果.基于已发表的文献,对PD-1/PD-L1在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用进行综述,提出肿瘤免疫疗法发展新思路,旨在为肿瘤免疫治疗提供参考.

After radiochemotherapy and targeted therapy,tumor immunotherapy was the third standard therapy used to the treatment of malignant tumors.The immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 is the most studied and widely used part of tumor immunotherapy.It is involved in the body s tumor immune regulation and has been successfully verified in the clinical treatment of melanoma,breast cancer and other malignant tumors.Among all the approved and successfully marketed drugs,PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies.Small molecule drugs proposed by combining the domain characteristics of PD-1/PD-L1,the advantages of small molecule inhibitors in tumor immunotherapy are accelerated drug absorption,and reduced patient burden.Combining PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors with other treatments can not only restore normal immune function,but also show significant anti-tumor effects.Based on published research results,this review elucidates the application of PD-1/PD-L1 in tumor immunotherapy.The paper proposes new ideas for the application prospect of tumor immunotherapy,aiming to provide reference for tumor immunotherapy.