代际转换背景下老一代农民工回退效应研究

The Regression Effect of the Elder Generation of Migrant Workers under the Background of Intergenerational Transition

在年轻时进城务工、年老返回家乡的“生命周期规律”作用下,老一代农民工正动态、渐次退出城市劳动力市场,乡村成为他们新的流入目的地。这一重要变化对农业农村来说是一柄双刃剑,一方面,回退的老一代农民工生计模式发生改变,他们在生命历程特定阶段同时面临着养家与养老双重压力;另一方面,作为农村重要人力资本组成,其潜在价值不可小觑,若能积极作为,将产生多重补位效应。基于老一代农民工特殊群体特征,结合乡村发展机遇,建构了“多元去向—发展能力”分析框架,探寻乡村振兴中匹配自身能力的差异化发展空间,在此基础上进一步提出增强老一代农民工回退效应的政策建议。

Under the effect of "life cycle law" working in city at a young age and returning to hometown in years, the elder generation of migrant workers withdraws from urban labor market dynamically and gradually, and countryside has become their new inflow destination. This important change is a double-edged sword for agricultural and rural areas. On the one hand, the livelihood pattern of the older generation of migrant workers returning to their hometowns has changed, and they are facing dual pressures of supporting their families and themselves at a certain stage in their life course. On the other hand, as an important rural human capital component, its potential value cannot be underestimated. And if they can perform actively, they will produce multiple complementary effects. Based on the characteristics of the special group of the elder generation of migrant workers, and combining with rural development opportunities, the analytical framework of "multiple destinations-development capabilities" has been constructed to explore the differentiated development space that matches their own capabilities in rural revitalization, then basically further offering policy proposals to enhance the regression effects of the elder generation of migrant workers.