“强基计划”招生“遇冷”的症结与消解

Problems and Conflicts Resolution in the Practice of the Pilot Reform Pro⁃ gram of Enrollment for Basic Disciplines

为进一步选拔与培养基础学科领域的拔尖创新人才,国家推出“强基计划”招生与培养制度改革。但现实招录过程中考生的“高分占位”选择与高校的“先发制人”策略,却使其实施遭遇到困境。从博弈论视角观察,该项计划遭逢“遇冷”局面,缘于参与主体的利益诉求和应对策略存在差异,导致合作共赢关系难以达成。该项制度的优化有赖于高校和考生对制度设计的理性认知与目标认同。政策制定者与高校需进一步拓展沟通途径,努力促成高校与中学师生之间的深度交流与互动,充分保证招生制度与政策在参与主体之间的信息对称;进一步健全招生制度设计与政策安排,调整报名时间、志愿数目与校测入围资格;进一步提升招生管理制度支持,相机实施并制定“惩罚”规则,提高考生与高校的违约成本。

In order to further select and train top-notch innovative talents in basic disciplines,the state launches the Pilot Reform Program of Enrollment for Basic Disciplines.However,in the actual enrollment pro⁃cess,the choices of examinees who occupy the initiative with high scores and preconceived strategies of univer⁃sities make the Pilot Reform Program of Enrollment for Basic Disciplines go into some troubles.From the per⁃spective of game theory,the Pilot Reform Program of Enrollment for Basic Disciplines fails to achieve the ex⁃pected goal because of the different interest demands and different coping strategies of the participants,which makes it difficult to achieve a win-win cooperation relationship.The optimization of the enrollment system de⁃pends on the rational recognition and goal identification of the system design by universities and examinees.Firstly,policy makers and universities should further expand communication channels,strengthening the links between universities and teachers,students in high schools,to strive to promote their deep communications and interactions and ensure information symmetry among all parties.Secondly,they should continue to improve the enrollment system designs and policy arrangements by adjusting the registration time,the number of choices and the shortlisted qualifications.Thirdly,they should further enhance the supports of the enrollment manage⁃ment systems by implementing and formulating“punishment”rules accordingly and increasing the cost of breach between examinees and universities.