气候变化背景下四季的天文划分法和节气划分法的优劣变化

The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Astronomical Division Method and the Solar Term Division Method of the Four Seasons under the Background of Climate Change

天文划分法和节气划分法,都是前器测时代反映季节更迭的简化界定方式,且都是超越地域气候差异“一刀切”、四季准等长的传统季节体系,二者的差异在于季节始点、终点不同。而利用气象行业标准划分出的气候意义上的四季则体现了四季划分方法的日臻严谨和完善。本文利用1951—2020年国家级气象站的地面观测气温资料,基于气象行业标准修正后的气候四季起始时间判定方法,研究了天文划分法、节气划分法的四季起始时间、四季长度与气候意义相应的四季起始时间、四季长度的偏差程度,从而呈现气候变化背景下,天文和节气两种季节划分法在刻画季节方面的优劣变化,研究结果表明节气划分法在中国区域具有更好的契合度和适用性。

The astronomical division method and the solar term division method are both simplified definition methods to reflect the change of seasons in the pre-instrument era,and they are both traditional seasonal systems that surpass regional climate differences and are“one size fits all”and the four seasons are of equal length.The difference between the two lies in the beginning of the season,The end points are different.The four seasons in the climatic sense divided by the meteorological industry standard reflect the increasingly rigorous and perfect method of dividing the four seasons.Based on the ground observation temperature data of basic meteorological stations in China from 1951 to 2020,and the method for determining the starting time of the four seasons after the revision based on the meteorological industry standard,the paper studies the relationship between the starting time and the length of the four seasons divided by astronomy and solar terms and the meaning of climate.The difference between the start time of the four seasons and the length of the four seasons,thus showing the advantages and disadvantages of the astronomical and solar terms in describing the seasons under the background of climate change.The research results show that the solar terms have more suitable degree and applicability in China.