果蔬保鲜技术现状及展望

Current Status and Future Trends of Postharvest Technology on Fruits and Vegetables

当前果蔬保鲜技术主要采用物理保鲜、化学保鲜以及生物保鲜等类型,其作用机制主要为降低果蔬自身的呼吸作用、抑制病原微生物的侵害以及控制贮藏环境中的温度湿度等环境因子。本文对现有的临界低温高湿保鲜技术、气调保鲜技术、真空预冷减压保鲜技术、浸泡型保鲜技术、熏蒸保鲜技术、可食用膜保鲜技术、拮抗菌保鲜技术、植物源防腐剂等保鲜技术进行了综述,并对新时代的纳米保鲜、结构化水保鲜、生物可降解涂膜等保鲜技术方向进行展望。

Physical,chemical and biological fresh-keeping was the common postharvest technology on fruits and vegetables in recent years.The main principle of these fresh-keeping technologies is to reduce the respiration of fruits and vegetables,inhibit the invasion and disease of pathogenic microorganisms on fruits and vegetables,and to extend the fresh-keeping period of fruits and vegetables by controlling environmental factors such as temperature and humidity in the storage environment.This paper focuses on temperature control and high humidity fresh-keeping technology,controlled atmosphere packing technology,vacuum precooling combined with hypobaric storage technology,chemical soaking preservation technology,chemical fumigation preservation technology,edible films fresh-keeping technology,antagonistic antibacterial preservation technology,plant-derived preservatives and other postharvest technologies.It also looks forward to the future trends of nano-preservation,structured water preservation,biodegradable coating and other fresh-keeping technology directions.