微型核反应堆技术发展趋势研究

Research on the Development Trend of Micro Nuclear Reactor Technology

微型核反应堆采用四代非轻水堆、热管堆以及三代轻水堆等固有安全性高的堆型,可以为偏远海岛和矿区、边防哨所和基地、应急救灾、太空和深海探索等创新场景提供长续航高可靠能源,具有广阔的应用前景,是实现国家战略的重要技术支撑之一。本研究总结了微型核反应堆的定义和主要研发堆型,描述了微型核反应堆固有安全性高、易于模块化和扩展、可运输性、便于部署、自主运行等创新技术特征,分析了微型核反应堆新型燃料、主回路一体化、新型热电转换装置、非能动安全系统、智能运维以及核能与其他能源耦合等关键技术的发展趋势,可为制定适用于我国的微型核反应堆发展技术路线提供支撑。

Micro nuclear reactors adopt Generation-Ⅳ non-light water reactors, heat pipe reactors and Generation-Ⅲ light water reactors with high inherent safety, providing long-term and highly reliable power supply for innovative scenario such as remote islands, mining areas, border guard posts and bases, emergency and disaster relief, space exploration and deep-sea exploration.They have broad application prospects, being one of the important technical supports to realize the national strategy. This study summarizes the definition and main R & D reactor types of micro nuclear reactors, and describes the innovative technological characteristics of micro nuclear reactors,such as high inherent safety, easy modularization and expansion, transportability, easy deployment,independent operation and so on, analyzes the development trend of key technologies such as new fuel, integration of main loop, new thermoelectric conversion device, passive safety system,intelligent operation and maintenance and coupling of nuclear energy and other energy sources in China, providing support for the formulation of the technical route for the development of micro nuclear reactors in China.