从一元到多元:劳思光与唐君毅文化观比较

From Monism to Pluralism:The Comparison on the Understanding of Culture between Lao Siguang and Tang Junyi

劳思光与唐君毅对于文化的概念以及文化发展的方法均有不同的理解。唐君毅认为文化是人类实现内心理想的客观化成果,不同文化的发展是为了往同一个理想目标迈进,达至“天下国家”的理想境界。劳思光则认为文化领域与客观中立的自然领域是两层独立的结构,不同文化之间的发展目标并不一致,但依然具有形式的定向性。同时劳思光对于文化的发展除了唐君毅所提及的文化成长之外,还有不同文化之间相互学习的变迁维度。比较二人的文化观,可以发现劳思光已经走出了“五四”以来以形上学的绝对语言解释文化概念与文化发展的模式,同时“成长”与“变迁”的双重发展维度相对唐君毅的理论更具解释效力。

Lao Siguang and Tang Junyi have different understanding on the concept of culture and its development.Tang considers that culture is the objectification of ideas and there is a unified goal in different cultures which is the level of“Tian Xia Guo Jia”.Lao considers that culture is independent from the natural aspect.The goal of different cultures is not the same while it still maintains its directionality.Lao considers that there are cultural growth and cultural change which indicate its development.The theory of Lao is more reasonable in explaining cultural development than Tang.