青少年感知的父母教养投入特点及其相关影响因素

The Characteristics of Paternal and Maternal Involvement in Adolescents’Upbringing and the Related Factors

为了解青少年的父母教养投入状况,采用伍新春等人修订的青少年评价父母教养投入行为问卷,对全国2370名中小学生进行问卷调查。结果发现,其一,父母呈现基本相似的教养投入模式,即规则教导水平最高、生活照顾和学业支持居中、情感休闲水平最低。其二,无论是在总体上,还是在四个子维度(规则教导、生活照顾、学业支持和情感休闲)上,母亲的教养投入水平都显著高于父亲。其三,母亲对女孩的生活照顾、情感休闲和规则教导显著多于男孩;父亲对男孩的规则教导和学业支持显著多于女孩;父母教养投入水平都随青少年年龄的增长而显著下降;父母对独生子女的教养投入水平都显著高于非独生子女;主观家庭社会经济地位越高,父母教养投入水平越高。

In order to understand the status of parental involvement in adolescents’upbringing,the revised Questionnaire of Adolescents Appraising Parental Involvement Behavior was used to investigate 2370 primary and secondary school students in China.The results are as follows.Fathers and mothers demonstrate basically similar patterns of parental involvement,namely the highest level of discipline and reprimand,the middle level of childcare and schoolwork support,and the lowest level of emotion and leisure.Maternal involvement is significantly higher than paternal involvement,both in general and on the four sub-dimensions(discipline and reprimand,childcare,schoolwork support,and emotion and leisure).Adolescents of different genders show a significant difference in the influence on parental involvement.Maternal involvement in childcare,emotion and leisure,and discipline and reprimand for girls is significantly higher than that for boys;paternal involvement in discipline and reprimand and schoolwork support for boys is significantly higher than that for girls.Both paternal and maternal involvement significantly decrease with the growth of adolescents.Both paternal and maternal involvement for only children are significantly higher than that for non-only children.The higher the family’s subjective socio-economic status is,the greater the parental involvement is.