离心式玉米种子定向整列排种装置设计与试验

Design and experiment of centrifugal corn seed directional array seeding device

[目的]玉米定向排种是玉米机械化定向播种的关键,为实现玉米种子定向排种,提出一种离心式玉米种子自适应定向整列输送方法,设计了一种基于离心送料原理的玉米种子定向整列排种装置。[方法]通过对定向整列排种过程的动力学和运动学分析,提出以锥盘锥角θ、锥盘安装倾角β、转速n、型孔数Z为试验因素,以玉米种子长轴定向成功率P为试验指标,利用ADAMS软件进行单因素仿真试验,搭建玉米种子定向整列排种试验平台进行台架试验。[结果]仿真试验结果表明:转速n和安装倾角β对玉米种子长轴定向成功率影响较为显著,当转速n达到16 r·min^(-1)、安装倾角β达到30°时,种子长轴定向成功率最高;锥盘锥角θ和型孔数Z对玉米种子长轴定向成功率的影响幅度变化不大,且玉米种子长轴定向成功率较低。台架试验结果表明:随着转速n和安装倾角β的增加,玉米种子长轴定向成功率均呈先增大后减小趋势,试验结果与仿真试验相似;当锥盘锥角θ为10°、安装倾角β为30°、转速n为16 r·min^(-1)、型孔数Z为32时,玉米种子长轴定向成功率最高为87%,尖端朝前的定向成功率为77.5%。[结论]提出的方法可以实现在离心力作用下玉米种子的定向整列输送,研究结果为玉米定向排种装置的结构设计提供参考。

[Objectives]The directional arrangement and transportation of corn seeds was the key to mechanized directional sowing of corn.In order to realize the directional arrangement of corn seed,a centrifugal adaptive directional seed delivery method of corn seeds was proposed,and a corn seed directional array seeding device was designed based on the principle of centrifugal feeding.[Methods]Through the dynamics and kinematic analysis of the directional alignment process,the factors of cone angleθof the cone disc,the installation inclination angleβof the cone disc,the rotation speed n,the number of holes Z were taken.The corn seed orientation success rate P was as the test index,ADAMS software for single factor simulation test was used,and the corn seed alignment test platform and the bench test were built.[Results]The simulation results showed that the influence of rotational speed n and installation inclination angleβon the success rate of maize seed long-axis orientation were significant,the success rate of seed long axis orientation was highest when the rotational speed n reached 16 r·min^(-1)and the installation inclination angleβreached 30°.The influence of cone angleθand the number of holes Z on the success rate of maze seed long-axis orientation did not change very much,and the success rate of maize seed long-axis was low.The results of the bench test showed that with the increase of rotational speed n and installation inclination angleβ,the success rate of long-axis orientation of corn seeds tended to increase first and then decrease,and the test results were similar to the simulation test.When the cone angleθof the cone disk was 10°,the installation inclination angleβwas 30°,the rotational speed n was 16 r·min^(-1)and the number of holes Z was 32,the highest success rate of long-axis orientation of corn seeds was 87%,and the success rate of orientation with the tip forward was 77.5%.[Conclusions]The proposed method could realize directional arrangement of maize seed seeds under the action of centrifugal force,and the results of the study provided a reference for the structural design of maize directional seed discharge device.