单细胞测序技术在乳腺癌研究中的应用进展

Application progress of single-cell sequencing technology in breast cancer research

乳腺癌是全球女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,也是女性癌症相关致死的主要原因之一。乳腺癌是一种高度异质性的疾病,肿瘤间异质性和肿瘤内异质性使得精准分型治疗工作进展缓慢。传统高通量测序技术在乳腺癌研究中的应用已为揭示乳腺癌的发生、发展、驱动基因、精确分型、诊断及治疗方面提供了重要参考,但仍有局限性,无法揭示肿瘤内异质性。近年来兴起的单细胞测序技术在灵敏度、准确度和效率方面都得到了极大的提高,研究人员可以分析复杂混合细胞中的单个细胞的分子生物学信息,该技术在研究肿瘤异质性方面展现出极大的优越性。近年来,单细胞测序技术在乳腺癌研究中的应用已有多项重要研究成果发表,包括从单细胞层面解析乳腺癌转录组图谱、探索乳腺癌微环境异质性、探索乳腺癌耐药发生机制、探索乳腺癌克隆异质性及克隆演化研究,以及综合挖掘单细胞公共数据资源揭示乳腺癌异质性。本文对近年来单细胞测序技术在乳腺癌中的应用相关前沿重要研究进行综述并深入思考,旨在为乳腺癌研究者应用单细胞测序技术提供参考,促进单细胞测序技术在乳腺癌研究中的广泛应用。

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence in women in the world,and it represents the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women.Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease,including the heterogeneity between tumors and even within the tumor microenvironment,making precise classification and treatment of the disease difficult.The application of traditional high-throughput sequencing technology in breast cancer research has provided an important reference for revealing the occurrence and development of breast cancer,driving genes,precise classification,diagnosis and treatment.However,the limitation of traditional high-throughput sequencing technology is its inability to explore heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment.The single-cell sequencing technology emerged in recent years has been greatly improved in terms of sensitivity,accuracy and efficiency,enabling us to analyze single-cell genome information in complex mixed cells,which has shown great performance in studying tumor heterogeneity.In recent years,there are a number of important research results obtained by harnessing single-cell sequencing technology in breast cancer research,including analyzing breast cancer transcriptome at the single-cell level,exploring the heterogeneity of breast cancer microenvironment,breast cancer drug resistance mechanisms,the clonal heterogeneity and clonal evolution of breast cancer,and comprehensively mining single-cell public data resources to reveal the heterogeneity of breast cancer.This article reviewed important research in recent years regarding the application of single-cell sequencing technology in breast cancer era.We aimed to provide references for breast cancer researchers to manipulate the single-cell sequencing technology and promote the in-depth use of single-cell sequencing technology in breast cancer research.