世界一流大学的本质特征是什么?--兼论本科教育与研究生教育在一流大学中的地位

What Are the Substantive Characteristics of A World-class University:Concurrently on the Status of Undergraduate and Postgraduate Education in First-class Universities

举目全球,世界一流大学无不以高水平原创性科学研究、培养高层次拔尖创新人才和政商领袖对国家乃至人类社会发展作出杰出贡献而享誉世界,由此而来,高水平的原创性科学研究和与其相伴而生的高质量研究生尤其是博士生教育成为其突出特征。而世界一流本科教育主要为学生将来成为某一领域的专家和职业生涯发展打下坚实的基础,它既非全由世界一流大学举办,也并非所有世界一流大学都能办好世界一流本科教育。如果过于强调世界一流本科是世界一流大学的重要基础和前提条件,既不利于建设世界一流大学,也会挫伤一些教学型高校办好世界一流本科教育的主动性和积极性。

Looking around the global,the world-class universities are world-renowned for their high-level original scientific research,cultivation of top-notch innovative talents and political and business leaders,and outstanding contributions to the development of the country and even the human society.Therefore,the high-level original scientific research and the accompanying high-quality postgraduate education and,especially,doctoral student education have become the outstanding features of world-class universities.The focus of the undergraduate education in world-class universities is on the foundation building for students to become experts in their professional fields and their career development in the future,which is not done exclusively by world-class universities,and not all world-class universities can run world-class undergraduate education well.Excessive emphasis on world-class undergraduate education as the important basis and prerequisite of world-class universities is not good for the construction of world-class universities.It also dampens the initiative and enthusiasm of some teaching-oriented universities to run world-class undergraduate education.