碳点的功能化研究进展

Progress on Functionalization of Carbon Dots

碳点(CDs)一般是指粒径小于20 nm且表面富含羟基、羧基和氨基等官能团的零维碳基纳米材料。因其具有优异的光学性质及易于功能化修饰等优点,在生物传感、生物成像、肿瘤治疗、抗菌和促成骨等领域得到了广泛的应用,并有望成为未来最有应用前景的碳基纳米材料。然而,要将CDs真正推向生物医学等实际应用领域,必须要对CDs进行功能化处理。表面钝化和杂原子掺杂是CDs功能化的两种常用方法,本文对这两种功能化方法进行了较为系统的阐述,希望为CDs的功能化设计及推向实际应用提供一些方法和研究思路上的参考。

Carbon dots(CDs)generally refer to zero-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials with a particle size of less than 20 nm and rich in functional groups such as hydroxyl,carboxyl and amino groups on their surface.Due to its excellent optical properties and easy functional modification,it has been widely used in biosensing,biological imaging,tumor therapy,antibacterial,and osteogenesis.It is expected to become the most promising carbon-based nanomaterials in the future.However,to truly push CDs to practical applications in biomedicine field,it must be functionalized.Surface passivation and heteroatomic doping are two common methods,and these two methods for functionalization of CDs were systematically summarized in this review.We hope to provide some methods and ideas for the functional design and their practical applications of CDs.