平台资本主义下的数据资本权力:生成机理、基本谱系与主要特征

The Power of Digital Capital under Platform Capitalism:Generation Mechanism,Basic Spectrum and Main Characteristics

平台资本主义是通过对数字劳动成果的利用来实现财富快速积累的一种新的商业模式和组织形式,其背后乃是被数据资本权力所统摄。数据资本权力是以获取数字劳动为逻辑起点,以提取平台用户的各种数据为基本形式,以出售数据商品盈利为重要目标,从而实现权力的生产与资本增殖的物化力量。通过对数据资本权力的生成机理与基本谱系的深层追问,揭示此种权力乃是数据权力、算法权力与资本权力之间的勾连。在此基础之上,进一步剥离出数据资本权力的非强制性、隐蔽性和加速化带来的数据商品“逆向拜物教特征”。在数据资本权力的运作下,平台用户被架到一台快速运转的“数据跑步机”上,把用户的工作时间和娱乐时间都转换为生产剩余价值的劳动时间,他们成为“单向可视镜”下便于操控的物体。要积极扬弃数据资本权力,应该把数字技术还原为生产力,用国家力量导控数据资本并为其设置“红绿灯”,破除数据资本权力建构的意识形态幻象,推动以数据和算法为中心的资本逻辑向以人民为中心的价值逻辑转化,使其成为推动我国数字经济与人的全面发展的重要力量。

Platform capitalism is a new commercial model and organizational form which realizes the rapid accumulation of wealth through the use of digital labor achievements dominated by the power of digital capital.The power of digital capital is a materialized force that takes the acquisition of digital labor as the logical starting point,the extraction of various platform users’data as the basic form,and the selling of data commodities for profit as the crucial goal,so as to realize power production and capital proliferation.Through in-depth inquiry into the generation mechanism and basic genealogy of digital capital power,this paper reveals that this power is thecollaboration of data power,algorithm power and capital power.The paper ulteriorly strips off the“inverse fetish character”of data commodities produced by the non-mandatory,concealment and acceleration of digital capital power.Under the operation of the digital capital power,platform users are put on a fast-running“data treadmill”,which converts the user’s work time and entertainment time into labor time for producing surplus value.And these platform users become objects which are easily manipulated under the“one-way mirror”.To abandon the power of digital capital,it is necessary to restore digital technology to productivity,use national power to guide and control digital capital and set“traffic lights”for it,break the ideological illusion constructed by power of digital capital,push forward the transformation from data algorithm-centered capital logic to people-centered value logic,and make it as an important force in promoting the harmonious development between China’s digital economy and people.