夏季遮阴对茶园土壤丛枝菌根多样性及茶叶品质的影响

Effects of Shading in Summer on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity in Plantation Soil and Tea Quality

【目的】分析夏季遮阴条件下茶园土壤养分、丛枝菌根真菌以及茶叶品质的变化特征,为夏季茶园合理遮阴栽培管理提供理论依据。【方法】以浙江某丘陵茶园为研究对象,测定土壤养分、AM真菌多样性以及茶叶品质指标等。【结果】与未遮阴处理相比,茶园遮阴显著增加了土壤pH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷和有效磷含量,分别增加了15.38%、17.8%、163.6%、77.86%、45.45%和27.80%。但未遮阴处理的土壤AM真菌多样性指数、丰度均高于遮阴处理。DGGE条带测序分析显示:未遮阴处理茶园土壤的优势AM真菌为球囊霉属(Glomus),而遮阴处理土壤球囊霉属丰度较非遮阴处理低。遮阴后,茶叶中的叶绿素总含量、氨基酸含量和咖啡碱含量分别比对照提高了46.18%,33.16%和32.30%。茶多酚含量比对照降低了10.41%,茶叶品质有所提高。【结论】茶园夏季遮阴能够增加土壤养分含量,提高茶叶品质,但降低了茶园土壤AM真菌多样性和丰富度指数。

【Objective】Correlation between the nutrients and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil and the quality of tea produced at a plantation shaded from direct sun exposure in summer was analyzed.【Method】The nutrients,fungal diversity,and tea quality at a hilly tea plantation in Zhejiang Province were determined for a correlation study on the effect of summershading over the tea bushes.【Result】The shading significantly increased the pH,organic matters,total nitrogen,alkalihydrolyzed nitrogen,total phosphorus,and available phosphorus in the plantation soil by 15.38%,17.8%,163.6%,77.86%,45.45%,and 27.80%,respectively.On the other hand,it reduced the fungal diversity index and richness.The DGGE bandsequencing analysis showed that the dominant fungi in the non-shaded control soil was Glomus,which was lower in abundance under the shading.The shading increased the contents of total chlorophyll,amino acids,and caffeine in tea leaves by 46.18%,33.16%,and 32.30%,respectively,but that of polyphenols declined by 10.41%over control.The tea quality was judged to be superior with the shading treatment.【Conclusion】Shading in summer increased soil nutrient contents and improved tea quality,but reduced the diversity and richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the plantation soil.