老年血液透析患者自我管理能力对跌倒恐惧的影响研究

Effect of self-management ability on fall fear in elderly patients undergoing haemodialysis

目的了解老年血液透析患者的自我管理能力和跌倒恐惧现状,分析自我管理能力对跌倒恐惧的影响。方法选取2019年10月—2020年12月在温州市中医院治疗的328例血液透析患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、修订版跌倒效能量表、血液透析患者自我管理能力量表进行调查。计数资料采用例数和构成比进行描述。符合正态分布的计量资料采用x±s进行描述,组间比较采用成组t检验和方差分析。老年血液透析患者自我管理能力与跌倒恐惧的相关性采用Pearson相关分析。采用多元线性回归分析老年血液透析患者跌倒恐惧的影响因素。结果老年血液透析患者跌倒恐惧评分为(65.11±18.81)分,自我管理能力评分为(51.64±9.42)分;不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、是否规律性锻炼、是否发生过跌倒、透析龄的患者跌倒恐惧评分差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);老年血液透析患者自我管理能力与跌倒恐惧总分及各维度评分均呈正相关(均P<0.01);多元线性回归分析显示,老年血液透析患者的年龄、自我护理能力、是否发生过跌倒和透析龄是跌倒恐惧的主要影响因素(均P<0.01)。结论老年血液透析患者跌倒恐惧处于较高的水平,自我管理能力能够影响患者的跌倒恐惧,临床上应加强老年血液透析患者自我管理能力的健康教育,改善患者的跌倒恐惧情况。

Objective To understand the status quo of elderly haemodialysis patients'self-management ability and fear of falling and analyse the influence of self-management ability on fear of falling.Methods A total of 328 haemodialysis patients treated in Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the research objects,and the general data questionnaire,the modified fall efficacy scale and the haemodialysis patients'self-management ability scale were used for investigation.The measurement data conforming to normal distribution were described by x±s,and the comparison between groups was performed by t-test of independent samples and ANOVA.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyse the correlation between self-management ability and fear of fall in elderly haemodialysis patients.Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the influencing factors of fall fear in elderly haemodialysis patients.Results The scores of fall fear and self-management ability of elderly haemodialysis patients were(65.11±18.81)points and(51.64±9.42)points,respectively.Significant differences in fall fear score were found amongst patients of different genders,ages,marital status,whether they exercised regularly,whether they had fallen or not and dialysis age(all P<0.05).The self-management ability of elderly haemodialysis patients was positively correlated with the total score of fear of falling and the scores of all dimensions(all P<0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the age,self-care ability,experience of falling and dialysis duration of elderly haemodialysis patients were the main influencing factors for fear of falling(all P<0.01).Conclusion Elderly haemodialysis patients'fear of falling is at a high level,and self-management ability can affect patients'fear of falling.Clinically,health education on elderly haemodialysis patients'self-management ability should be strengthened to improve patients'fear of falling.