马克思恩格斯宪法思想诠释——基于1843至1848年《共产党宣言》创作过程的考察

The Interpretation of the Constitutional Thoughts of Marx and Engels——An investigation based on the creation process of The Communist Manifesto from 1843 to 1848

考察《宣言》近10年的创作过程,特别是考察1843年至1848年马克思恩格斯对宪法的关注,可以发现《宣言》蕴含着丰富的宪法思想。主要包括:宪法要承认人权和公民权并体现人民的要求,工人阶级需要通过民主宪法来实现自身的政治解放并巩固其政治统治,宪法以一定社会的物质生活条件为基础并与之相适应,一个国家必须从本国社会经济发展状况出发,走适合本国国情的宪制道路。《宣言》当之无愧地是一篇历史唯物主义法学的纲领性文献。

Examining the creation process of The Communist Manifesto,especially the attention of Marx and Engels to the constitution from 1843 to 1848,one can find that the manifesto contains rich constitutional thoughts,which mainly include the ideas or notions that the constitution should recognize human rights and civil rights and reflect the demands of the people,that the working class needs to achieve its own political liberation and consolidate its political rule through a democratic constitution,that the constitution should be based on the material living conditions of a certain society and be adapted to it,and that a country must take a constitutional path that suits its own national conditions starting from its own social and economic development.The Communist Manifesto is well deserved to be treasured as a programmatic document of historical materialism jurisprudence.