清华大学学生宿舍生活热水系统选型及经济性分析

近年来,能源消费变得越来越严重,成为世界各国的一个主要问题。我们国家的能耗约占整个社会总能耗的30%,民用建筑物的热水能耗约占建筑物总能耗的20%,商业建筑的热水耗能更是能达到建筑总耗能的近40%。因此,寻求科学的热水供应方式,减少能源资源的浪费将是降耗节能、实现碳中和的重要支撑。空气源热泵是目前最经济环保、安全节能的装置之一,通过较低的电能消耗,即可将空气中取之不尽用之不竭的低品位热能转化为高品位热能供给给高温热源,节省热水制备的总能耗,并且整体过程无空气污染,安全、环保、可靠,具有很深远的应用前景。文章对空气源热泵特点、原理进行介绍,并基于清华大学3、4号楼学生宿舍加固修缮项目生活热水系统的设计选型,将空气源热泵与传统生活热水系统进行对比与经济性分析。分析结果表明,除极端天气情况外,空气源热泵是目前工况的最优选择,可以做到节能、降耗与安全、可靠并重。目前,空气源热泵尚未得到足够的市场认可与推广,但相信随着国家节能减排政策的持续推进与落实,未来空气源热泵将会成为节能降耗的重要组成部分。

In recent years,energy consumption has become more and more serious and has become a major problem for countries all over the world.The energy consumption of our country accounts for about 30%of the total energy consumption of the whole society,the hot water energy consumption of civil buildings accounts for about 20%of the total energy consumption of buildings,and the hot water energy consumption of commercial buildings can reach nearly 40%of the total energy consumption of buildings.Therefore,seeking a scientific way of hot water supply and reducing the waste of energy resources will be an important support for reducing consumption,saving energy and achieving carbon neutralization.Air source heat pump is one of the most economical,environment-friendly,safe and energy-saving devices at present.Through low power consumption,the inexhaustible low-grade heat energy in the air can be converted into high-grade heat energy for high-temperature heat source.The total energy consumption of hot water preparation is saved,and the whole process is air pollution-free,safe,environmentally friendly and reliable,and has a far-reaching application prospect.In this paper,the characteristics and principle of air source heat pump are introduced,and based on the design and selection of domestic hot water system of the reinforcement and repair project of student dormitory in Building 3 and Building4 of Tsinghua University,the comparison and economic analysis between air source heat pump and traditional domestic hot water system are carried out.The analysis results show that,except for extreme weather conditions,air source heat pump is the best choice for current working conditions,which can pay equal attention to energy saving,consumption reduction,safety and reliability.At present,the air source heat pump has not been enough market recognition and promotion,but it is believed that with the continuous promotion and implementation of the national energy saving and emission reduction policy,the air source heat pump will become an important part of energy saving and consumption reduction in the future.